TED演讲:和老年痴呆症说再见(6)

 　　What about sleep? In slow-wave deep sleep, our glial cells rinse¹ cerebral² spinal³ fluid throughout our brains, 关于睡眠呢？在慢波深度睡眠时，我们的神经胶质细胞冲洗着我们大脑中的脑脊液，

　　clearing away metabolic⁴ waste that accumulated in our synapses⁵ while we were awake. 清除掉当我们清醒时积累在突触的代谢废物。

　　Deep sleep is like a power cleanse⁶ for the brain. 深度睡眠就好像是大脑的强效净化。

　　But what happens if you shortchange yourself on sleep? 那么如果你在睡眠方面亏待了自己呢？

　　Many scientists believe that poor sleep hygiene⁷ might actually be a predictor of Alzheimer's. 许多科学家坚信不良的睡眠卫生可能是老年痴呆的前兆。

　　A single night of sleep deprivation⁸ leads to an increase in amyloid beta. 缺乏仅仅一晚的睡眠就会增加β淀粉样蛋白。

　　And amyloid accumulation has been shown to disrupt sleep, which in turn causes more amyloid to accumulate. 而淀粉样蛋白的累积已被证实会影响睡眠，从而导致了更多淀粉样蛋白的累积。

　　And so now we have this positive feedback loop that's going to accelerate the tipping of that scale. 所以现在我们有了正反馈循环，将会加剧天平的倾倒。

　　What else? Cardiovascular health. High blood pressure, diabetes⁹, obesity¹⁰, smoking, high cholesterol¹¹, 还有别的吗？心血管的健康。高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、吸烟、高胆固醇，

　　have all been shown to increase our risk of developing Alzheimer's. 这些都证明会增加患老年痴呆的风险。

　　Some autopsy¹² studies have shown that as many as 80 percent of people with Alzheimer's also had cardiovascular disease. 一些验尸报告表明，有80%的老年痴呆患者同样患有心血管疾病。

　　Aerobic¹³ exercise has been shown in many studies to decrease amyloid beta in animal models of the disease. 许多研究表明，有氧运动在该病的动物模型试验中可以有效减少β淀粉样蛋白。

　　So a heart-healthy Mediterranean¹⁴ lifestyle and diet can help to counter the tipping of this scale. 所以有益心脏健康的地中海式生活方式和饮食可以有效扳回倾斜的天平。

　　Ok. So there are many things we can do to prevent or delay the onset¹⁵ of Alzheimer's. 所以我们能做很多事来预防或者延缓老年痴呆症的到来。

　　But let's say you haven't done any of them. Let's say you're 65; there's Alzheimer's in your family, 不过假设你并没有做任何事。并且你已经六十五岁了，你的家庭中有老年痴呆的患者，

　　so you've likely inherited a gene¹⁶ or two that tips your scale arm a bit; 所以你可能遗传了一两种可能会倾斜天平的基因，

　　you've been burning the candle at both ends for years; you love bacon; and you don't run unless someone's chasing you. 你的生命之火渐渐微弱；你喜欢培根；除非有人追你，要不你懒得跑动。

1 rinse   

v.用清水漂洗，用清水冲洗

参考例句：

• Give the cup a rinse.冲洗一下杯子。
• Don't just rinse the bottles. Wash them out carefully.别只涮涮瓶子，要仔细地洗洗里面。

2 cerebral   

adj.脑的，大脑的；有智力的，理智型的

参考例句：

• Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
• He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人，措辞谨慎。

3 spinal   

adj.针的，尖刺的，尖刺状突起的；adj.脊骨的，脊髓的

参考例句：

• After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天，就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。
• Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。

4 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

5 synapses   

n.（神经元的）突触( synapse的名词复数 )；染色体结合( synapsis的名词复数 )；联会；突触；（神经元的）触处

参考例句：

• Nerve cells communicate with one another at the synapses, where their membranes almost touch. 神经细胞在突触部位彼此沟通，在这里它们的膜几乎接触到一起了。 来自辞典例句
• Glutamatergic synapses are common excitatory chemical connections in mammalian central nervous system. 谷氨酸性突触是哺乳动物神经系统的主要兴奋性突触。 来自互联网

6 cleanse   

vt.使清洁，使纯洁，清洗

参考例句：

• Health experts are trying to cleanse the air in cities. 卫生专家们正设法净化城市里的空气。
• Fresh fruit juices can also cleanse your body and reduce dark circles.新鲜果汁同样可以清洁你的身体,并对黑眼圈同样有抑制作用。

7 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

8 deprivation   

n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困

参考例句：

• Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
• Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。

9 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

10 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

11 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

12 autopsy   

n.尸体解剖；尸检

参考例句：

• They're carrying out an autopsy on the victim.他们正在给受害者验尸。
• A hemorrhagic gut was the predominant lesion at autopsy.尸检的主要发现是肠出血。

13 aerobic   

adj.需氧的，增氧健身法的，有氧的

参考例句：

• Aerobic exercise helps to build up stamina.有氧健身操有助于增强耐力。
• Aerobic dance is conductive to the health.有氧舞蹈有助于健康。

14 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

15 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。

16 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。