TED演讲:做好准备去面对新的气候情形(3)

 　　After a lethal¹ 1995 heat wave 在历经了1995年致命热浪侵袭后，

　　turned refrigerator trucks from the popular Taste of Chicago festival into make shift morgues, 它将那些在芝加哥美食庆典的冷藏车转换成临时搭建的停尸间

　　Chicago became a recognized leader,  芝加哥成为大家公认的绿能都市的领导者

　　tamping² down on the urban heat island impact through opening cooling centers, 将原本热浪对冲击现代都市，藉由开放的冷却中心

　　outreach to vulnerable neighborhoods, planting trees, creating cool white or vegetated³ green roofs. 藉由种植树木，建造不易吸收热的冷白屋顶及散热较佳植物绿化能屋顶

　　This is City Hall's green roof, next to Cook County's roof,  照片上是市政府的绿能屋顶，旁边这张图则是库克郡市府的屋顶

　　which is 77 degrees Fahrenheit⁴ hotter at the surface.  没覆盖到绿化屋顶的表面温度，相较之下高了77度

　　Washington, D.C., last year, actually led the nation in new green roofs installed 华盛顿在去年实际上带领了这个国家建立绿色屋顶，

　　and they're funding this in part thanks to a five-cent tax on plastic bags. 而他们也通过5分钱的塑料袋税收来为这项工程提供资金。

　　They're splitting the cost of installing these green roofs with home and building owners. 他们同时与家庭和建筑所有者共同分担建设绿色屋顶的费用。

　　The roofs not only temper urban heat island impact  这种屋顶不仅能调节城市热岛效应

　　but they save energy, and therefore money,  同时还能节约能源，金钱

　　the emissions⁵ that cause climate change, and they also reduce stormwater run off. 以及减少温室气体，同时也能起到排水效果。

　　So some solutions to heat can provide for win-win-wins.  因此有些解决酷暑的手段能够带来双赢

　　Third, adapting to rising seas.  第三点，适应海平面上升

　　Sea level rise threatens coastal⁶ ecosystems⁷, agriculture, even major cities. 海平面上升威胁沿海地区生态，农业系统，甚至主要城市。

　　This is what one to two meters of sea level rise looks like in the Mekong Delta⁸. 照片里的是湄公河三角洲在海平面从一公尺上升到两公尺后的样貌

　　That's where half of Vietnam's rice is grown.  那里是越南一半粮食的产地。

　　Infrastructure⁹ is going to be affected¹⁰.  基础设施将会被影响。

　　Airports around the world are located on the coast.  通往全世界的机场就建立在这里

　　It makes sense, right? There's open space,  这很合理，对吧？因为这里是一片空地

　　the planes can take off and land without worrying about creating noise or avoiding tall buildings. 飞机可以起飞降落，而不用担心产生噪音或去躲避高楼大厦。

　　Here's just one example, San Francisco Airport, with 16 inches or more of flooding. 这里只是一个例子，旧金山机场，受16英尺左右的洪水泛滥袭击。

　　Imagine the staggering cost of protecting this vital infrastructure with levees. 想像一下用于保护重要基础设施的堤坝的费用。

　　But there might be some changes in store that you might not imagine. 但是与此同时可能有你不能预测的变化。

　　For example, planes require more runway for takeoff because the heated, less dense¹¹ air, provides for less lift. 比如，飞机需要更多的跑道去起飞，因为热空气造成空气密度下降，提供较少的爬升空间

　　San Francisco is also spending 40 million dollars to rethink and redesign its water and sewage treatment, 旧金山还花费四千万美元去反思和重建下水道处理系统。

　　as water outfall pipes like this one can be flooded with seawater,  因为像这样的排水渠口也可能被海水淹没，

　　causing backups at the plant, harming the bacteria that are needed to treat the waste. 从而危害植物，滋生细菌。需要建立设施来处理这些浪费。

　　So these outfall pipes have been retrofitted to shut seawater off from entering the system. 因此需要更新这些排水管道，防止海水进入排水系统。

1 lethal   

adj.致死的；毁灭性的

参考例句：

• A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
• She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。

2 tamping   

n.填塞物，捣紧v.捣固( tamp的现在分词 )；填充；（用炮泥）封炮眼口；夯实

参考例句：

• The foundation becomes solid after tamping. 打夯以后，地基就瓷实了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Practical construction shows that equal energy, equal deformation tamping a. 等能量、等变形夯扩挤密矸石桩是一种地基加固新技术。 来自互联网

3 vegetated   

v.过单调呆板的生活( vegetate的过去式和过去分词 )；植物似地生长；（瘤、疣等）长大

参考例句：

• The bacterial growth vegetated along. 细菌的生长繁殖很快。 来自互联网
• They vegetated the hills behind their house. 他们在他们的屋后的山上种植被。 来自互联网

4 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

5 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

6 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

7 ecosystems   

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句

8 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

10 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

11 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。