TED演讲 全球经济的隐形推动力—寄钱回家(3)

 U.S. Fed started a program with Mexico to enable money service businesses to send money to Mexico for a fixed¹ cost of only 67 cents per transaction.  美国联邦政府和墨西哥之间启动了一个项目，使得汇款公司往墨西哥寄钱时只需要每笔67美分的手续费。

And yet, these faster, cheaper, better options can't be applied² internationally because of the fear of money laundering³, 但是这些更快，更便宜，更好的办法，还不能在国际上通用，因为担心被人利用来洗钱。

even though there is little data to support any connection, any significant connection between money laundering and these small remittance⁴ transactions.  虽然没有什么数据证明这两者之间有什么联系，就是说洗钱和小额的移民汇款之间有什么联系。

Many international banks now are wary⁵ of hosting bank accounts of money service businesses, especially those serving Somalia. 很多跨国银行现在害怕拥有汇款公司的账户，特别是那些业务涉及到索马里的公司。

Somalia, a country where the per capita income is only 250 dollars per year.  索马里人均年收入才250美元。

Monthly remittances⁶, on average, to Somalia is larger than that amount. 按月寄往索马里的移民汇款平均都大于这个数。

Remittances are the lifeblood of Somalia.  移民汇款成了索马里的血脉。

And yet, this is an example of the right hand giving a lot of aid,  索马里的情况就是个典型的例子，一方面右手给予很多援助，

while the left hand is cutting the lifeblood to that economy, through regulations. 另一方面左手又通过各种条规切断它的经济血脉。

Then there is the case of poor people from villages, like me.  像我这样来自乡村的穷人还会遇到另一个问题。

In the villages, the only place where you can get money is through the post office. 在乡村里，唯一能收到汇款的地方是邮局。

Most of the governments in the world have allowed their post offices to have exclusive partnerships⁸ with money transfer companies.  世界上多数国家的政府都允许邮局和某个汇款公司之间建立唯一的合作关系。

So, if I have to send money to my father in the village, I must send money through that particular money transfer company, 所以如果我要寄钱给乡下的父亲，我就必须得去特定的那一家汇款公司寄。

even if the cost is high.  即使它收费较高，

I cannot go to a cheaper option.  我也没有其它的选择。

This has to go.  这种情况必须要改变。

So, what can international organizations and social entrepreneurs do to reduce the cost of sending money home? 那么，国际组织和社会企业家们可以做些什么来降低寄钱回家的费用呢？

First, relax regulations on small remittances under 1,000 dollars.  首先，放宽关于一千美元以下的小额移民汇款的法规，

Governments should recognize that small remittances are not money laundering. 政府应该意识到，小额汇款不是洗钱。

Second, governments should abolish exclusive partnerships between their post office and the money transfer company. 第二，政府应该禁止邮局和某个汇款公司建立唯一的合作关系。

For that matter, between the post office and any national banking⁹ system that has a large network that serves the poor. 最好是禁止邮局和任何全国性的银行系统之间建立这种关系，

In fact, they should promote competition,  实际上，他们应该鼓励竞争，

open up the partnership⁷ so that we will bring down costs like we did, 开放合作伙伴，这样就可以降低费用，

like they did, in the telecommunications industry.  就像电话业那样。

You have seen what has happened there.  你们都知道电话业的情况了。

Third, large nonprofit philanthropic organizations should create a remittance platform on a nonprofit basis. 第三，大型非营利性组织应该在非营利的基础上创建一个移民汇款平台。

They should create a nonprofit remittance platform to serve the money transfer companies so that they can send money at a low cost,  他们应该创建一个非营利的移民汇款平台来服务于汇款公司，使他们能降低寄钱的费用，

while complying with all the complex regulations all over the world. 同时还能不违反世界各地各种复杂的条规。

The development community should set a goal of reducing remittance costs to one percent from the current eight percent. 发展中的社区应该朝着将移民汇款费率从现在的8%降到1%的目标努力。

If we reduce costs to one percent,  如果我们能把费用降到1%，

that would release a saving of 30 billion dollars per year.  将每年省下300亿美元。

Thirty billion dollars, that's larger than the entire bilateral¹⁰ aid budget going to Africa per year. 比每年给非洲的全部双边资助预算还多，

That is larger than, or almost similar to,  而且也比美国政府的全部援助预算

the total aid budget of the United States government,  还多，或着几乎相当。

the largest donor¹¹ on the planet.  这可是全球最大的捐助国。

Actually, the savings¹² would be larger than that 30 billion because remittance channels are also used for aid, trade and investment purposes. 实际上，省下的还不止那三百亿，因为移民汇款渠道还可以用于救援，贸易和投资。

Another major impediment to the flow of remittances reaching the family is the large and exorbitant¹³ and illegal cost of recruitment, 另一个严重阻碍移民汇款到达家人手中的因素，是高额的非法招工费。

fees that migrants pay, migrant workers pay to laborers¹⁴ who found them the job.  这些费是移民工人付给给他们找到工作的人的。

I was in Dubai a few years ago.  几年前我去过迪拜

I visited a camp for workers.  我去了一个劳工的营地。

1 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

2 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

3 laundering   

n.洗涤（衣等），洗烫（衣等）；洗（钱）v.洗（衣服等），洗烫（衣服等）( launder的现在分词 )；洗（黑钱）（把非法收入改头换面，变为貌似合法的收入）

参考例句：

• Separate the white clothes from the dark clothes before laundering. 洗衣前应当把浅色衣服和深色衣服分开。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was charged with laundering money. 他被指控洗钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 remittance   

n.汇款，寄款，汇兑

参考例句：

• Your last month's salary will be paid by remittance.最后一个月的薪水将通过汇寄的方式付给你。
• A prompt remittance would be appreciated.速寄汇款不胜感激。

5 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

6 remittances   

n.汇寄( remittance的名词复数 )；汇款，汇款额

参考例句：

• He sends regular remittances to his parents. 他定期汇款给他父母。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Remittances sometimes account for as much as 20% of GDP. 在这些国家中，此类汇款有时会占到GDP的20%之多。 来自互联网

7 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

8 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

9 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

10 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

11 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

12 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

13 exorbitant   

adj.过分的；过度的

参考例句：

• More competition should help to drive down exorbitant phone charges.更多的竞争有助于降低目前畸高的电话收费。
• The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高。

14 laborers   

n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工

参考例句：

• Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言