背诵为王 第 四 册 第 04 课

　　Lesson4 Work
In the laws of political economy, the alienation¹ of the worker from his product is expressed as follow: the more the worker produces, the less he has to consume; the more value he creates, the more valueless, the more unworthy he becomes; the better formed is his product, the more deformed² becomes the worker; the more civilized³ his product, the more brutalized becomes the worker and the more he becomes nature@s bondsman.
Political economy conceals⁴ the alienation inherent in labour by avoiding any mention of the evil effects of work on those who work. Thus, whereas labour produces miracles for the rich, for the worker it produces destitution⁵. Labour produces palaces but for the workers, hovels. It produces beauty, but it cripples the worker. It replaces labour by machines, but how does it treat the worker? By throwing some workers back into a barbarous kind of work, and by turning the rest into machines. It produces intelligence, but for the worker, stupidity and cretinism.
alienation 异化
brutalize 使...变得残酷无情
bondsman 奴隶
inherent 固有的, 内在的
hovel 简陋小屋
cretinism ［医］ 呆小病, 愚侏病
劳动
政治经济学原理对劳动者与自己生产的产品的异化有如下表述：工人产出的越多，消费能力就越小；创造的价值越多，自己就越不值钱，工人的价值就越低；产品的性能越好，工人受损害的程度就越大；产品的文明程度越高，工人就变得越没有感情，越来越成为大自然的奴隶。
政治经济学没有提到工作对劳动者的有害影响，因而隐藏了劳动具有的内在的异化劳动者的本质特性。这样，虽然劳动为富人创造了奇迹，却给劳动者带来了贫困。劳动建造了宫殿，劳动者却住在简陋小屋里。劳动产生了美丽，却严重损害了劳动者。机器取代了人工劳动，那么劳动者受到了怎样的待遇呢？一些劳动者被迫从事低级繁重的工作，其他的都变成了机器。劳动带来了智慧，带给劳动者的却是愚昧和痴呆。

1 alienation   

n.疏远；离间；异化

参考例句：

• The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。
• As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated,the alienation index goes up.随着人与人之间几乎一切能想到的接触方式的自动化，感情疏远指数在不断上升。

2 deformed   

adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的

参考例句：

• He was born with a deformed right leg.他出生时右腿畸形。
• His body was deformed by leprosy.他的身体因为麻风病变形了。

3 civilized   

a.有教养的，文雅的

参考例句：

• Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
• rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为

4 conceals   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事，借以掩饰内心的不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒醉吐真言。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 destitution   

n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷

参考例句：

• The people lived in destitution. 民生凋敝。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His drinking led him to a life of destitution. 酗酒导致他生活贫穷。 来自辞典例句