华盛顿邮报 美欧联合制裁俄罗斯富豪-游艇被德国没收

So who all are they considering sanctions against?

那么他们都在考虑制裁谁呢?

So far, I can report, based on sourcing close to the matter, that Alisher Usmanov, I mentioned that his yacht was seized by German authorities this week.

到目前为止，我可以报告，根据消息来源，阿利舍尔·乌斯马诺夫，我提到过他的游艇本周被德国当局没收。

He is being considered for sanctions.

目前正在考虑对他进行制裁。

Usmanov has denied any support -- undue¹ support for the Kremlin.

乌斯马诺夫否认了任何支持——对克里姆林宫的不当支持。

Just denounced the charges and said that that they're totally unfair, that these -- I think the quote was -- "false and defamatory allegations damaging my honor, my dignity, and my business reputation" is what he said of the E.U. sanctions.

他刚刚谴责了这些指控，称这些指控完全不公平，我认为——“虚假的诽谤性指控损害了我的荣誉、尊严和商业声誉”(引用他的话)，这就是他对欧盟制裁的看法。

The U.S. is considering similar sanctions.

美国也在考虑类似的制裁。

This guy is phenomenally wealthy.

这家伙非常富有。

His net worth is estimated to be about $15 billion, and he owns sort of an iron and steel mining conglomerate².

他的净资产估计有150亿美元，他拥有一家钢铁矿业集团。

It's worth really stressing here that Russia, even more than the U.S. and even more than Europe, is a highly unequal society, where billionaires control, according to some estimates, roughly 30% of the nation's wealth.

值得强调的是，俄罗斯社会高度不平等，甚至比美国和欧洲都要严重。据估计，亿万富翁控制着这个国家大约30%的财富。

That's more than twice the amount in countries like Germany and the U.S.

这一数字是德国和美国等国家的两倍多。

And we have some estimates that as much financial wealth is stored by the Russian billionaires abroad as the entire Russian population has in Russia itself.

我们有一些估计，俄罗斯亿万富翁在国外储存的金融财富，与整个俄罗斯人口在俄罗斯境内储存的金融财富一样多。

So we're talking about a lot of money here and the potential to go after some very close friends of Vladimir Putin.

所以我们谈论的是一大笔钱，以及对弗拉基米尔·普京的一些非常亲密的朋友下手的可能性。

But why would that even work?

不过为什么这奏效呢?

How are these sanctions on other people going to affect Putin?

这些对其他人的制裁将如何影响普京?

There's been a lot of speculation³ and, I think, legitimate⁴ questions about how effective this will be at persuading Putin.

有很多猜测，我认为，关于这将如何说服普京，有很多合理的问题。

There was a great story in The Financial Times the other day that was talking about how, in the past, Putin really seemed controlled and responsive to the oligarchs, that they had sort of brought him to power, especially in his initial rise, and that he owed them.

前几天，《金融时报》上有一篇精彩的报道，说的是普京在过去是如何对寡头们进行控制和回应的，是他们把他带到了权力的宝座上，尤其是在他刚开始崛起的时候，他亏欠了他们。

But what this Financial Times article was questioning, and that some people I've talked to, sort of Russia experts in the U.S., have said, is that it's not really clear that that's true anymore.

但《金融时报》的这篇文章所质疑的是，我采访过的一些人，一些美国的俄罗斯专家，都说，现在已经不清楚这是不是真的了。

It seems like Putin's control over the oligarchs has become almost absolute and that they are more responsive to him, at this point, than he is to them.

似乎普京对寡头的控制已经变得几乎是绝对的，在这一点上，他们对他的反应比他对他们的反应更积极。

And so the theory here is twofold, right?

所以这个理论分两个部分，对吧?

One is that these sanctions will hurt people who deserve to be hurt because they are supportive of the Putin regime.

一是，这些制裁将伤害那些理应受到伤害的人，因为他们支持普京政权。

That seems potentially clear.

这似乎很清楚。

The second question about whether this will actually persuade Putin to think differently or act differently seems much harder to suss out.

第二个问题是，这是否真的会说服普京以不同的方式思考或采取不同的行动，这似乎更难弄清楚。

The hope is that this is sort of a political economy measure, that if you lose the support of the powerful oligarchs, Putin himself will lose power.

希望这是一种政治经济措施，如果失去了强大的寡头支持，普京自己也会失去权力。

But, you know, given the stories we're hearing about martial⁵ law and given the odds⁶ that this is really being driven by him personally,

但是，你知道，考虑到我们听到的关于军事管制的报道，考虑到这真的是由他个人推动的可能性，

what we've seen about how he controls his cabinet,

我们注意到他如何控制他的内阁，

it seems very possible that this is not actually going to be an effective strategy.

这似乎很有可能不是一个有效的策略。

1 undue   

adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的

参考例句：

• Don't treat the matter with undue haste.不要过急地处理此事。
• It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.最好不要过分看重他的批评。

2 conglomerate   

n.综合商社，多元化集团公司

参考例句：

• The firm has been taken over by an American conglomerate.该公司已被美国一企业集团接管。
• An American conglomerate holds a major share in the company.一家美国的大联合企业持有该公司的大部分股份。

3 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

4 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

5 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

6 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？