华盛顿邮报开学在即 美国面临灾难性教师短缺(1)

As summer is winding¹ down and schools around the country are set to reopen in the next couple of weeks, school districts are facing a crisis.

暑期逐渐结束，全国各地的学校将在未来几周内重新开学，学区正面临一场危机。

They don't have enough teachers.

他们没有足够的老师。

According to education reporter Hannah Natanson, some districts are short hundreds or even thousands of educators.

据教育记者汉娜·纳坦森称，一些地区缺少数百甚至数千名教育工作者。

There's some rural districts in Texas that are actually switching to a four-day school week in an effort to compensate² for lack of staff.

在德克萨斯州的一些农村地区，为了弥补人手的不足，他们实际上正在转为每周上四天学。

In Arizona, they're hiring college students to teach K through 12.

在亚利桑那州，他们雇佣大学生来教从幼儿园到高三的课程。

And Florida passed a law that would allow military veterans to teach in the state without certification.

佛罗里达州通过了一项法律，允许退伍军人无需认证就可以在该州教书。

They just have to have been in military service for some number of years and have maintained a 2.5 GPA over, I believe, 60 course credits.

他们只需要在军队服役几年并且保持2.5的平均绩点，我想，应该是60学分。

If you talk to teachers, they'll tell you that these teacher shortages are not new.

如果你和老师们交谈，他们会告诉你，教师短缺不是什么新鲜事。

About four years ago is when we started to, you know, see that there were teacher vacancies³ starting to happen.

大约四年前，我们发现开始缺教师了。

And then COVID happened and exposed -- just exposed everything.

然后新冠发生了就暴露出来了，暴露了一切。

Hannah has been talking with teachers and administrators⁴ about why this country has run out of people who are willing to teach right now and what this will mean for kids.

汉娜在与教师和管理人员讨论，为什么这个国家现在已经没有人愿意教书了以及这对孩子们意味着什么。

So, what we're effectively seeing is that, at a moment where American students really need good schooling⁵,

我们实际上看到的是，在美国学生真正需要良好教育的时刻，

because they're still struggling to recover from pandemic-induced gaps in social and emotional and, you know, fundamentally academic learning that they would have gotten normally in a normal year,

他们仍在努力弥补疫情引发的社交、情感和基本学业学习方面的差距，而这些差距是他们在正常年份可以正常获得的，

we have the fewest teachers available that we've seen in a long while.

我们拥有的教师是我们这么长时间以来最少的。

And the consequences for students are going to be that they're not going to catch up, and in some cases, they're going to slip further behind.

对学生们的影响是他们无法弥补差距，在某些情况下，他们将加剧落后。

Today, what's behind the teacher shortage.

今天，教师短缺背后的原因是什么?

Plus, later in the show, what we can learn from the people who have still never gotten COVID.

另外，稍后在节目中，我们要从未感染过新冠的人身上了解一些东西。

So, why is this happening? Why are we seeing such an acute shortage of teachers?

那么，为什么会发生这种情况呢? 为什么我们会看到教师短缺如此严重?

So, it's hard to say because teacher resignations are intensely personal.

很难说，因为教师辞职是非常个人化的。

They're going to vary case to case.

辞职原因会因情况而异。

But the people who watch this field, experts and analysts⁶, say that it's a combination of things that are all sort of hitting in this kind of perfect storm.

但关注这一领域的专家和分析人士说，这是各种因素共同作用的结果。

There's this pandemic-induced teacher exhaustion⁷ where people have been forced to pivot⁸ their styles of teaching so many times and are just weary.

这是由疫情导致的教师疲劳，人们被迫多次改变他们的教学风格，只是厌倦了。

There's really low pay, which has been a chronic⁹ issue for decades.

教师工资很低，这是几十年来的一个长期问题。

And there's also this increasing sense that politicians and parents and sometimes people in their own school system don't respect teachers,

还有一种越来越强烈的感觉是，政客和家长，有时是他们自己学校系统的人不尊重老师，

and that's because there's this ongoing¹⁰ educational culture war in which you've seen districts and states pass policies and laws that limit what teachers can say about U.S. history, race, racism¹¹, gender¹², sexual orientation¹³, and sort of a broader range of LGBTQ issues.

这是因为教育文化战争正在进行中，你可以看到多个学区和州通过政策和法律，限制教师对美国历史、种族、种族主义、性别、性取向以及更广泛的性少数者问题的言论。

And these laws have all popped up in the past two, two-ish years.

这些法律都是在过去两年的时间里出现的。

And so you've got teachers who just feel horribly disrespected.

所以你会看到老师们觉得自己非常不受尊重。

1 winding   

n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈

参考例句：

• A winding lane led down towards the river.一条弯弯曲曲的小路通向河边。
• The winding trail caused us to lose our orientation.迂回曲折的小道使我们迷失了方向。

2 compensate   

vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消

参考例句：

• She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
• Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。

3 vacancies   

n.空房间( vacancy的名词复数 )；空虚；空白；空缺

参考例句：

• job vacancies 职位空缺
• The sign outside the motel said \"No Vacancies\". 汽车旅馆外的招牌显示“客满”。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

5 schooling   

n.教育；正规学校教育

参考例句：

• A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
• Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。

6 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

7 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

8 pivot   

v.在枢轴上转动；装枢轴，枢轴；adj.枢轴的

参考例句：

• She is the central pivot of creation and represents the feminine aspect in all things.她是创造的中心枢轴，表现出万物的女性面貌。
• If a spring is present,the hand wheel will pivot on the spring.如果有弹簧，手轮的枢轴会装在弹簧上。

9 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

10 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

11 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

12 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

13 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。