2022年经济学人 金融市场被迫消化美联储量化紧缩计划

搜索

复制

The world this week - Business

本周国际要闻-商业

The Federal Reserve raised its main interest rate by three-quarters of a percentage point, to a target range of 1.5% to 1.75%, the biggest increase since 1994.

美联储将其主要利率提高了0.75个百分点，达到1.5% - 1.75%的目标区间，这是1994年以来的最大增幅。

It was thought the central bank would lift the rate by half a point, but a few days before its decision data showed that America’s annual inflation rate, as measured by the consumer-price index, increased to 8.6% in May, higher than had been expected.

人们原以为美国中央银行会将利率提高0.5个百分点，但就在该机构做出决定的几天前，数据显示，以消费者价格指数衡量的美国5月份的年度通货膨胀率上升到了8.6%，高于预期。

Grocery prices were up by an average 11.9%, the biggest increase since 1979.

食品杂货价格平均上涨11.9%，这是自1979年以来的最大涨幅。

The average price of a gallon of petrol in America has now breached¹ $5 for the first time, up by 50% since January.

美国每加仑汽油的平均价格现在首次突破5美元，自1月份以来上涨了50%。

Financial markets also had to digest the Fed’s quantitative-tightening programme, which began this week.

金融市场也不得不消化美联储本周开始的量化紧缩计划。

The Fed is unwinding the balance-sheet of assets it accumulated since the start of the pandemic at a much faster pace than the last time it commenced such an undertaking² in 2017.

美联储正在以比2017年上一次开始清理资产负债表快得多的速度，清理自疫情开始以来积累的资产。

The European Central Bank held an emergency meeting after government-bond yields rose sharply across the currency bloc³.

欧洲央行在欧元区各国政府债券收益率大幅上升后召开了紧急会议。

The pressure on government debt came after the ECB outlined an end to stimulus⁴ measures and confirmed it would start raising interest rates next month.

在政府债务面临压力之前，欧洲央行概述了结束刺激措施的计划，并证实将于下月开始加息。

Italy’s bonds were under the most duress⁵.

意大利的债券受到的压力最大。

The yield on the ten-year note rose above 4%.

十年期国债收益率上升到4%以上。

Japan’s finance ministry⁶ and central bank issued a statement that they are concerned by the weak yen⁷.

日本财务省、日本央行发表声明表示，他们对日元疲软感到担忧。

Despite that the Bank of Japan intervened to expand its bond-buying programme when the yield on the ten-year note again breached its 0.25% cap.

尽管如此，当十年期国债收益率再次突破0.25%的上限时，日本银行进行了干预，扩大了债券购买计划。

The policy has driven the yen to a 24-year low against the dollar.

该政策已将日元兑美元汇率压低至24年来的最低点。

The S&P 500 dropped by 3.9% in a day.

标准普尔500指数在一天内下跌了3.9%。

That meant the index was down by 22% since its record high on January 3rd, making that stretch of trading a bear market (a fall of 20% or more from the most recent peak).

这意味着该指数自1月3日的历史高点以来下跌了22%，使这段时间的交易成为熊市(从最近的高点下跌了20%或更多)。

The current bear market has lasted over 160 days.

目前的熊市已经持续了160多天。

That is longer than the bearish⁸ 33 days over February and March 2020, but still some way behind the 517 days that ran from October 2007 to March 2009.

这比2020年2月和3月期间的33天熊市要长，但仍低于2007年10月至2009年3月的517天。

Cryptocurrency markets were in turmoil⁹ as more signs emerged of problems with the infrastructure¹⁰ underpinning¹¹ digital assets.

随着越来越多的迹象显示支撑数字资产的基础设施出现问题，加密货币市场陷入动荡。

Celsius¹², a platform that enables its users to lend their crypto tokens for a return, stopped customers withdrawing funds.

Celsius是一个允许用户借出他们的加密代币以换取收益的平台，该平台阻止了客户提取资金。

Bitcoin shed over a fifth of its price over a few days.

比特币的价格在几天内下跌了五分之一以上。

The value of the overall crypto market has fallen from a peak of $3.2trn in November to less than $1trn.

整个加密货币市场的价值已经从11月3.2万亿美元的峰值下降到不足1万亿美元。

1 breached   

攻破( breach的现在分词 )； 破坏，违反

参考例句：

• These commitments have already been breached. 这些承诺已遭背弃。
• Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克车突破了敌人的防线。

2 undertaking   

n.保证，许诺，事业

参考例句：

• He gave her an undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year.他向她做了一年内还钱的保证。
• He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事任何事业。

3 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

4 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

5 duress   

n.胁迫

参考例句：

• He claimed that he signed the confession under duress.他说他是被迫在认罪书上签字的。
• These unequal treaties were made under duress.这些不平等条约是在强迫下签订的。

6 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

7 yen   

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

• He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。
• He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

8 bearish   

adj.(行情)看跌的，卖空的

参考例句：

• It is foolish not to invest in stocks,so I will show her how to be bearish without them too,if she chooses.不投资股票是愚蠢的，因此如果她选择股票，我会向她展示怎样在没有长期潜力的情况下进行卖空。
• I think a bearish market must be a good time for bargain-hunters to invest.我觉得熊市对于想买低的人可是个投资的大好机会。

9 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

10 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

11 underpinning   

n.基础材料；基础结构；（学说、理论等的）基础；（人的）腿v.用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的现在分词 )；加固（墙等）的基础；为（论据、主张等）打下基础；加强

参考例句：

• Underpinning this success has been an exemplary record of innovation. 具有典范性的创新确保了这次成功。 来自辞典例句
• But underpinning Mr Armstrong's technology changes is a human touch. 但阿姆斯特朗技术变革的支柱是人情味。 来自互联网

12 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。