2022年经济学人 德国2000亿欧元能源补贴惹怒欧洲

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

In the first round of Brazil’s presidential election Jair Bolsonaro, the populist incumbent¹, did better than expected.

在巴西举行的第一轮总统选举中，现任民粹主义者雅伊尔·博索纳罗的表现好于预期。

He had been trailing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a leftist ex-president, by double digits² in the polls for months, but on the night he was only five points behind.

几个月来，他在民意调查中一直以两位数的差距落后于前左派总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦，但在当晚，他仅落后5个百分点。

The two candidates now head to a run-off on October 30th.

这两位候选人将在10月30日进行决选。

Mr Bolsonaro, a fan of Donald Trump³, falsely suggests that the election is likely to be rigged, and may not accept the result if he loses.

博索纳罗是唐纳德·特朗普的粉丝，他给出虚假暗示--选举可能会被操纵，如果他败选，可能不会接受结果。

Germany’s 200bn euro ($197bn) energy aid package fuelled fury in Europe.

德国2000亿欧元(合1970亿美元)的能源援助计划激起了欧洲的愤怒。

Some politicians said that by going it alone Germany had undermined a common approach to dealing⁴ with the energy crunch⁵.

一些政治人士表示，德国单打独打破坏了应对能源危机的共同方法。

The European Commission said it was committed to “avoiding harmful subsidy⁶ races” in the single market.

欧盟委员会表示，该组织致力于避免单一市场中有害的补贴竞争。

The inaugural⁷ meeting of the European Political Community took place in Prague.

首届欧洲政治共同体会议在布拉格举行。

Leaders from the 27 member states of the EU and 17 other European countries, including Britain, Switzerland, Turkey, and by video link, Ukraine, gathered to discuss security and economic issues.

来自欧盟27个成员国和包括英国、瑞士、土耳其以及通过视频连接的乌克兰在内的17个欧洲国家的领导人齐聚一堂，讨论安全和经济问题。

The forum⁹ was proposed by Emmanuel Macron, the president of France, as a means of forging pan-European unity⁸ on a number of issues.

该论坛是由法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙提出的，作为在一些问题上凝聚泛欧洲团结的一种手段。

Denmark called an early election for November 1st.

丹麦提前在11月1日举行大选。

The country faces soaring energy bills and is nervous about Russian aggression¹⁰ after two gas pipelines¹¹ were sabotaged¹² in nearby waters.

丹麦面临着能源账单飙升的问题，而且在附近水域的两条天然气管道遭到破坏后，该国对俄罗斯的侵略感到紧张。

Also, Mette Frederiksen, the prime minister, has come under pressure for having illegally ordered a cull¹³ of mink¹⁴ in 2020, believing it would help stop the spread of covid-19.

此外，丹麦首相梅特·弗雷德里克森也因在2020年非法下令扑杀水貂而面临压力，她认为这将有助于阻止新冠病毒的传播。

After ravaging¹⁵ Cuba, Hurricane Ian swept through Florida, killing¹⁶ 120 people.

飓风“伊恩”肆虐古巴后，横扫美国佛罗里达州，造成120人死亡。

That was the highest storm death toll¹⁷ in the state since 1935.

这是该州自1935年以来风暴死亡人数最高的一次。

Britain’s Conservative government plunged¹⁸ in the polls after markets punished its plan for unfunded tax cuts.

英国保守党政府在民调中的支持率大幅下降，此前市场使该党无资金支持的减税计划遭受了严重打击。

A month after taking office, Liz Truss, the prime minister, is more unpopular than Boris Johnson, her predecessor¹⁹, ever was.

上任一个月后，英国首相利兹·特拉斯比她的前任鲍里斯·约翰逊更不受欢迎。

Kwasi Kwarteng, the chancellor²⁰ of the exchequer²¹, dropped plans to abolish the 45% top rate of tax.

英国财政大臣夸西·科沃滕放弃了取消45%最高税率的计划。

The Tories bickered²² over welfare cuts and other policies.

保守党在削减福利和其他政策上争吵不休。

Standard & Poor’s and Fitch put Britain’s credit rating on a “negative” outlook.

标准普尔和惠誉将英国的信用评级展望定为“负面”。

Thailand’s constitutional court ruled that Prayuth Chan-ocha, the prime minister, had not exceeded the constitution’s eight-year term limit and could stay in power.

泰国宪法法院裁定，总理巴育·占奥差没有超过宪法的8年任期限制，可以继续执政。

Mr Prayuth had been suspended from office by the court in August while it heard an opposition-party petition arguing that his time was up.

巴育在今年8月被法院停职，当时法院听取了反对党的请愿书，称他的任期时间已经到了。

1 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

2 digits   

n.数字( digit的名词复数 )；手指，足趾

参考例句：

• The number 1000 contains four digits. 1000是四位数。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The number 410 contains three digits. 数字 410 中包括三个数目字。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

4 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

5 crunch   

n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声

参考例句：

• If it comes to the crunch they'll support us.关键时刻他们是会支持我们的。
• People who crunch nuts at the movies can be very annoying.看电影时嘎吱作声地嚼干果的人会使人十分讨厌。

6 subsidy   

n.补助金，津贴

参考例句：

• The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
• The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。

7 inaugural   

adj.就职的；n.就职典礼

参考例句：

• We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
• Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。

8 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

9 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

10 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

11 pipelines   

管道( pipeline的名词复数 )； 输油管道； 在考虑（或规划、准备） 中； 在酿中

参考例句：

• The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
• The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。

12 sabotaged   

阴谋破坏（某事物）( sabotage的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The main pipeline supplying water was sabotaged by rebels. 供水主管道被叛乱分子蓄意破坏了。
• They had no competition because competitors found their trucks burned and sabotaged. 他们之所以没有竞争对象，那是因为竞争对象老是发现自己的卡车遭火烧或被破坏。 来自教父部分

13 cull   

v.拣选；剔除；n.拣出的东西；剔除

参考例句：

• It is usually good practice to cull the poorest prior to field planting.通常在实践上的好方法是在出圃栽植前挑出最弱的苗木。
• Laura was passing around photographs she'd culled from the albums at home.劳拉正在分发她从家里相册中挑选出的相片。

14 mink   

n.貂，貂皮

参考例句：

• She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat.她穿着一身蓝色的套装和一件貂皮大衣。
• He started a mink ranch and made a fortune in five years. 他开了个水貂养殖场，五年之内就赚了不少钱。

15 ravaging   

毁坏( ravage的现在分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫

参考例句：

• It is believed that in fatigue there is a repeated process of ravaging the material. 据认为，在疲劳中，有一个使材料毁坏的重复过程。
• I was able to capture the lion that was ravaging through town. 我能逮住正在城里肆虐的那头狮子。

16 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

17 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

18 plunged   

v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
• She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

19 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

20 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

21 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

22 bickered   

v.争吵( bicker的过去式和过去分词 )；口角；（水等）作潺潺声；闪烁

参考例句：

• The afternoon sun bickered through the leaves. 午后的阳光闪烁于树叶之间。 来自辞典例句
• They bickered over [about] some unimportant thing. 他们为芝麻小事争吵。 来自辞典例句