2022年经济学人 FTX破产波及百万债权人

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Regulators around the world opened investigations¹ into FTX, after the crypto exchange and its sprawling² network of affiliated³ firms filed for bankruptcy⁴ protection.

世界各地的监管机构对FTX展开了调查，此前，这家加密货币交易所及其庞大的附属公司网络申请破产保护。

Traders withdrew $6bn from the platform in just 72 hours amid claims that it had mishandled customers’ investments.

该公司被指对客户的投资处理不当，交易员在短短72小时内从该平台撤资60亿美元。

FTX could owe money to as many as 1m people.

FTX债权人数量可能多达100万人。

Its spectacular collapse⁵ has prompted calls for tougher rules to regulate markets in digital assets.

FTX大规模倒闭，这引发了要求制定更严格的规则来监管数字资产市场的呼声。

After it declared bankruptcy in America a hacker⁶, possibly an insider, stole around $470m from the exchange.

在美国宣布破产后，一名黑客(可能是内部人员)从交易所窃取了大约4.7亿美元。

Stockmarkets staged their biggest rally in more than two years on November 10th, after figures for American consumer prices were published.

11月10日，美国消费者价格数据公布后，股市出现了两年多来的最大涨幅。

Annual inflation slowed to 7.7% in October, its lowest level since January.

10月份，年通胀率放缓至7.7%，为1月份以来的最低水平。

The S&P 500 surged by 5.5%, the NASDAQ by 7.4% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average by 3.7%.

标准普尔500指数上涨5.5%，纳斯达克指数上涨7.4%，道琼斯工业平均指数上涨3.7%。

There were other signs of cooling inflation in America.

还有其他迹象表明美国的通胀在降温。

A measure of wholesale⁷ prices rose by 8%, the smallest increase since July 2021.

批发价格上涨8%，这是自2021年7月以来的最小涨幅。

In Britain inflation headed in the other direction, accelerating to a 41-year high of 11.1%.

英国的通货膨胀则相反，达到了41年来的最高水平，通胀率至11.1%。

Food prices rose by 16%, the most in 45 years.

食品价格上涨16%，是45年来的最大涨幅。

The cost of gas and electricity was also up sharply again.

天然气和电力的价格也再次大幅上涨。

The British economy contracted in the third quarter, by 0.2% over the previous three months, on cue for the start of a long recession that the Bank of England has forecast.

英国经济在第三季度收缩，比前三个月下降了0.2%，这是英格兰银行预测的长期衰退的开始。

All food for thought for the British government, as it unveiled its plan to plug a fiscal⁸ hole in the public purse.

英国政府公布了填补公共财政缺口的计划，这一切都值得该国政府深思。

Japan’s economy also shrank in the third quarter, by 0.3%.

日本经济在第三季度也萎缩了0.3%。

A weak yen⁹ has pushed up the price of imports, curtailing¹⁰ consumption by households and businesses.

日元疲软推高了进口商品的价格，抑制了家庭和企业的消费。

Even so the contraction¹¹ was a surprise; most economists¹² were expecting modest growth in the quarter.

尽管如此，经济收缩还是出人意料；大多数经济学家当时预计本季度经济将会温和增长。

Germany nationalised a company that imports natural gas and which was owned by Russia’s Gazprom until April.

德国将一家进口天然气的公司国有化，该公司在4月份之前一直由俄罗斯天然气公司Gazprom所有。

It is the second time an energy company has been nationalised in recent months in order to secure gas supplies.

这是近几个月来，为确保天然气供应，第二次将能源公司国有化。

Poland made a similar move this week, taking control of a section of a pipeline¹³ operated by Gazprom.

波兰本周也采取了类似的举措，控制了俄罗斯天然气公司Gazprom运营的一段管道。

With colder weather on the horizon, the price of natural gas has started to rise again in Europe, after falling for three months.

随着天气日渐寒冷，欧洲天然气价格在下跌三个月后又开始上涨。

Tyson Foods said it would carry out a “thorough review” into the conduct of its chief financial officer, John Randal Tyson, who was recently arrested for being drunk, entering a woman’s house and falling asleep in her bed.

泰森食品表示，将对其首席财务官约翰·兰德尔·泰森的行为进行“彻底审查”。这位财务官最近因醉酒进入一名女子的家中并在她的床上睡着而被捕。

Mr Tyson is the son of the meat-processor’s chairman, John H. Tyson.

他是这家肉类加工企业董事长约翰·泰森的儿子。

Given the circumstances, investors¹⁴ may have preferred the review to be overseen¹⁵ by an independent expert, rather than the board.

在这种情况下，投资者可能更希望此次审查由独立专家而非董事会进行监督。

1 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

2 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

3 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

4 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。

5 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

6 hacker   

n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人，电脑黑客

参考例句：

• The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
• This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。

7 wholesale   

n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售

参考例句：

• The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物，以零售价卖出。
• Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。

8 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

9 yen   

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

• He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。
• He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

10 curtailing   

v.截断，缩短( curtail的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• They will be curtailing the discussions at two thirty. 他们将把讨论缩短至两点半。 来自互联网
• Individually, banks are acting rationally by retaining their capital and curtailing lending. 此外，银行们正在合理地保留其资本和减少贷款。 来自互联网

11 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

12 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

14 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

15 overseen   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was overseen stealing the letters. 他被人撞见在偷信件。 来自辞典例句
• It will be overseen by ThomasLi, director of IBM China Research Laboratory. 该实验室由IBM中国研究院院长李实恭(ThomasLi)引导。 来自互联网