纪录片《大英博物馆世界简史》 037北美水獭烟(4)

When you talk about what is called the "peace pipe" at a treaty negotiation¹, that is more meaningful than to sign a document, so it's a way of sealing a deal not just legally but by giving a vow², and confirming that to the larger universe-so it's not just between humans, it's between humans and the greater powers that are there."

谈判时，“和平烟斗” 仪式比签署文件更有效。这种方式不仅意味着合法协定，还相当于向冥冥中的神灵起了誓。这就不仅签下了人与人，也签下了人与神之间的协议。

Even today in Native America smoking tobacco can still be a spiritual act-the smoke rises and mingles³, bearing unified⁴ prayers skyward and, as it does so, it combines the hopes and wishes of the whole community.

直至今天，抽烟对印第安人来说也仍是神圣的。烟雾缓缓升起，逐渐消散, 带着众多的祈愿升向天空，将整个族群的希望连接在了一起。

For Europeans, though, who discovered smoking very late, in the sixteenth century, smoking tobacco quickly became less about religion than about relaxation⁵: it was first of all about enjoyment⁶, and then about money.

欧洲人晚至十六世纪才开始抽烟。对他们来说，抽烟没有什么宗教意义，更多的只是休闲方式。但很快，烟草便和金钱结合起来。

When the British colonised Virginia, the growing tobacco market in Europe rapidly became of prime economic importance-Bremen and Bristol, Glasgow and Dieppe all grew rich on American tobacco. As Europeans explored deeper into the continent in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, tobacco became an article of trade and currency in its own right. The European acquisition of tobacco, and European pipe-smoking, symbolise for many Native Americans the expropriation of their homeland.

英国在弗吉尼亚殖民之后，欧洲的烟草市场飞速发展，烟草很快成为经济支柱。不来梅与布里斯托尔，格拉斯哥与迪耶普的经济都因美洲的烟草而发达。18世纪至19世纪，随着欧洲人逐渐深入美洲大陆，烟草成了一种货物货币。在土著眼里，欧洲人收集烟草和使用烟斗的行为都是在侵略他们的家园。

From then on, in Europe and indeed in most of the world, smoking became an activity associated with pure pleasure, daily habit and considerable cool. For most of the twentieth century, film stars puffed⁷ away on screen, while their cinema audiences admired them through answering clouds of smoke.

自此，在欧洲和世界上大多数地方，抽烟成了一种单纯的享乐方式、日常习惯或是扮酷手段。大半个二十世纪，电影明星都在屏幕上抽烟，观众们则在影院里吞云吐雾。

1 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

2 vow   

n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓

参考例句：

• My parents are under a vow to go to church every Sunday.我父母许愿，每星期日都去做礼拜。
• I am under a vow to drink no wine.我已立誓戒酒。

3 mingles   

混合，混入( mingle的第三人称单数 )； 混进，与…交往[联系]

参考例句：

• He rarely mingles with persons of his own rank in society. 他几乎不与和他身份相同的人交往。
• The distant rumbling of the guns mingles with our marching song. 枪的深邃长声与我们行进歌混合。

4 unified   

(unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的

参考例句：

• The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
• The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。

5 relaxation   

n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐

参考例句：

• The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
• She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。

6 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。

7 puffed   

adj.疏松的v.使喷出( puff的过去式和过去分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧

参考例句：

• He lit a cigarette and puffed at it furiously. 他点燃了一支香烟，狂吸了几口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He felt grown-up, puffed up with self-importance. 他觉得长大了，便自以为了不起。 来自《简明英汉词典》