历年考研英语阅读理解mp3(97-3)

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[00:03.69]1997 Passage3
[00:07.32]Technically, any substance other than food
[00:10.48]that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.
[00:15.31]Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only
[00:19.76]to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical
[00:23.05]taken by drug addicts¹.
[00:25.47]They don't realize that familiar substances
[00:28.19]such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.
[00:32.59]This is why the more neutral term substance is now used
[00:36.61]by many physicians and psychologists.
[00:40.55]The phrase "substance abuse" is often used
[00:43.77]instead of "drug abuse" to make clear
[00:46.39]that substances such as alcohol and tobacco
[00:49.93]can be just as harmfully misused² as heroin³ and cocaine⁴.
[00:55.08]We live in a society in which the medicinal and social
[00:58.60]use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:
[01:02.84]an aspirin⁵ to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable,
[01:07.37]coffee to get going in the morning,
[01:09.89]a cigarette for the nerves.
[01:12.72]When do these socially acceptable and apparently
[01:15.92]constructive uses of a substance become misuses⁶?
[01:20.25]First of all,
[01:21.42]most substances taken in excess
[01:23.85]will produce negative effects such as poisoning
[01:27.17]or intense perceptual distortions.
[01:30.60]Repeated use of a substance
[01:32.42]can also lead to physical addiction⁷ or substance dependence⁸.
[01:37.36]Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,
[01:41.38]with more and more of the substance
[01:43.30]required to produce the desired effect,
[01:46.83]and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal⁹ symptoms
[01:51.18]when the substance is discontinued.
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[01:54.37]Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system
[01:59.10]and alter perception, mood, and behavior
[02:03.04]are known as psychoactive substances.
[02:06.16]Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped
[02:09.09]according to whether they are stimulants,
[02:11.41]depressants, or hallucinogens.
[02:14.33]Stimulants initially¹⁰ speed up or activate
[02:17.76]the central nervous system,
[02:19.57]whereas depressants slow it down.
[02:23.01]Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception,
[02:27.36]distorting and altering it in a variety of ways
[02:31.60]including producing hallucinations.
[02:35.32]These are the substances often called psychedelic
[02:39.05](from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting")
[02:43.80]because they seemed to radically¹¹ alter
[02:46.33]one's state of consciousness.

1 addicts   

有…瘾的人( addict的名词复数 )； 入迷的人

参考例句：

• a unit for rehabilitating drug addicts 帮助吸毒者恢复正常生活的机构
• There is counseling to help Internet addicts?even online. 有咨询机构帮助网络沉迷者。 来自超越目标英语 第3册

2 misused   

v.使用…不当( misuse的过去式和过去分词 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用

参考例句：

• He misused his dog shamefully. 他可耻地虐待自己的狗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had grossly misused his power. 他严重滥用职权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 heroin   

n.海洛因

参考例句：

• Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
• Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。

4 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

5 aspirin   

n.阿司匹林

参考例句：

• The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
• She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。

6 misuses   

n.用错，滥用( misuse的名词复数 )；误用者v.使用…不当( misuse的第三人称单数 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用

参考例句：

• He misuses his horses by giving them loads that are too heavy. 他给它们过重的负荷来虐待他的马。 来自互联网
• He often misuses his authority to tyrannize his underlings. 他常用手中的职权凌轹下属。 来自互联网

7 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

8 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

9 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

10 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

11 radically   

ad.根本地，本质地

参考例句：

• I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
• The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。