历年考研英语阅读理解mp3(02-4)

[00:00.00]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[00:03.85]2002 Text4
[00:07.78]The Supreme¹ Court's decisions on physician-assisted
[00:10.92]suicide carry important implications
[00:13.64]for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of
[00:16.66]pain and suffering.
[00:19.18]Although it ruled that there is no constitutional
[00:21.70]right to physician-assisted suicide,
[00:24.29]the Court in effect supported the medical principle
[00:27.29]of "double effect,"
[00:28.99]a centuries-old moral principle holding
[00:31.93]that an action having two effects
[00:34.64]--a good one that is intended
[00:36.18]and a harmful one that is foreseen
[00:39.00]--is permissible² if the actor intends
[00:41.28]only the good effect.
[00:43.80]Doctors have used that principle in recent years
[00:46.91]to justify³ using high doses of morphine
[00:50.14]to control terminally ill patients' pain,
[00:53.06]even though increasing dosages
[00:55.08]will eventually kill the patient.
[00:58.21]Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center,
[01:01.95]contends that the principle will shield doctors
[01:04.86]who "until now have very,very strongly
[01:08.08]insisted that they could not
[01:09.78]give patients sufficient medication to control
[01:12.10]their pain if that might hasten death."
[01:16.43]George Annas, chair of the health law department
[01:19.26]at Boston University,
[01:21.18]maintains that, as long as a doctor
[01:23.29]prescribes a drug for a legitimate⁴ medical purpose,
[01:26.83]the doctor has done nothing illegal even if
[01:29.85]the patient uses the drug to hasten death.
[01:32.77]"It's like surgery," he says.
[01:35.29]"We don't call those deaths homicides
[01:37.41]because the doctors didn't intend to
[01:39.18]kill their patients,
[01:40.55]although they risked their death.
[01:42.83]If you're a physician,
[01:44.39]you can risk your patient's suicide as long as
[01:47.42]you don't intend their suicide."
[01:50.74]On another level,
[01:52.16]many in the medical community acknowledge
[01:54.48]that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled
[01:57.31]in part by the despair of patients
[01:59.72]for whom modern medicine
[02:01.23]has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
[02:04.86]Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on
[02:07.48]physician-assisted suicide,
[02:09.60]the National Academy of Science (NAS)
[02:12.82]released a two-volume report,
[02:15.24]Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.
[02:19.79]It identifies the undertreatment of pain
[02:22.21]and the aggressive use of "ineffectual
[02:24.83]and forced medical procedures
[02:26.95]that may prolong and even dishonor
[02:29.36]the period of dying"
[02:30.63]as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
[02:34.74]The profession is taking steps to require
[02:37.27]young doctors to train in hospices,
[02:40.70]to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,
[02:44.42]to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,
[02:48.25]and to develop new standards for assessing
[02:50.98]and treating pain at the end of life.
[02:53.09]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[02:54.00]Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting
[02:57.83]that these well-meaning medical initiatives
[03:00.35]translate into better care.
[03:02.97]"Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with
[03:06.00]the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"
[03:10.22]to the extent that it constitutes "systematic⁵ patient abuse."
[03:14.66]He says medical licensing⁶ boards
[03:17.01]"must make it clear...
[03:18.29]that painful deaths are presumptively ones
[03:21.01]that are incompetently⁷ managed
[03:22.33]and should result in license⁸ suspension."

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 permissible   

adj.可允许的，许可的

参考例句：

• Is smoking permissible in the theatre?在剧院里允许吸烟吗？
• Delay is not permissible,even for a single day.不得延误，即使一日亦不可。

3 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

4 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

5 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

6 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

7 incompetently   

adv.无能力地

参考例句：

• He did the job rather incompetently. 这项工作他做的相当不好。 来自互联网
• When the Republicans have stuck by their principles, they have done so incompetently. 当共和党忠于其原则时，他们是如此无能。 来自互联网

8 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。