美国学生人类历史第36期:印欧人(1)

 　　Chapter 11

　　第十一章

　　The Indo-Europeans

　　印欧人

　　The Indo-Europeans Persians conquer The Semitic and the Egyptian world

　　印欧语族的波斯人征服了闪米特人与埃及人

　　The world of Egypt and Babylon and Assyria and Phoenicia had existed almost thirty centuries and the venerable races of the Fertile Valley were getting old and tired. Their doom¹ was sealed when a new and more energetic race appeared upon the horizon. We call this race the Indo-European race, because it conquered not only Europe but also made itself the ruling class in the country which is now known as British India.

　　古埃及人、巴比伦人、亚述人及腓尼基人的世界已存在了将近3000年。这些河谷地带的古老民族日渐变得衰朽而疲惫。当一支精力焕发的新兴民族出现在地平线时，他们便注定了覆灭的命运。我们称这个新民族为'印欧种族"，因为它不仅征服了欧洲，还使自己成为印度的统治者。

　　These Indo-Europeans were white men like the Semites but they spoke² a different language which is regarded as the common ancestor of all European tongues with the exception of Hungarian and Finnish and the Basque dialects of Northern Spain. When we first hear of them, they had been living along the shores of the Caspian Sea for many centuries. But one day they had packed their tents and they had wandered forth³ in search of a new home. Some of them had moved into the mountains of Central Asia and for many centuries they had lived among the peaks which surround the plateau of Iran and that is why we call them Aryans. Others had followed the setting sun and they had taken possession of the plains of Europe as I shall tell you when I give you the story of Greece and Rome.

　　和闪米特人一样，这些印欧人属于白种人，但他们说一种全然不同的语言。这种语言被视为所有欧洲语言的共同起源，只有匈牙利语、芬兰语及西班牙北部的巴斯克方言例外。当我们最早听说他们时，他们已经在里海沿岸居住了许多世纪。但有一天，他们突然收拾好帐篷，开始向北迁移，寻找新的家园。其中的一些人进入了中亚的群山；在环绕伊朗高地的山峰间居住了多个世纪。这也是印欧人被称为亚利安人的原因。其他人则朝着日落的方向前进，最终占据了整个欧洲平原。在讲到希腊和罗马时，我将告诉你这段故事。

　　For the moment we must follow the Aryans. Under the leadership of Zarathustra (or Zoroaster) who was their great teacher many of them had left their mountain homes to follow the swiftly flowing Indus river on its way to the sea.

　　现在，我们到了该追随亚利安人的时候了。在他们的伟大导师查拉斯图特拉（又名琐罗亚斯德）的带领下，许多亚利安人离开了山中的家园，沿湍急的印度河而下，一直来到海边。

1 doom   

n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定

参考例句：

• The report on our economic situation is full of doom and gloom.这份关于我们经济状况的报告充满了令人绝望和沮丧的调子。
• The dictator met his doom after ten years of rule.独裁者统治了十年终于完蛋了。

2 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

3 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。