美国学生人类历史 第131期:查理曼大帝(3)

 Pepin was sincerely grateful for this kindness on the part of the church. 丕平对教会的善意扶持表示衷心的感激。

He made two expeditions to Italy to defend the Pope against his enemies. 他两次远征意大利，与教皇的敌人作战。

He took Ravenna and several other cities away from the Longobards and presented them to His Holiness, 他从伦巴德人手中夺取了拉维纳及其他几座城市，将它们奉献给神圣的教皇陛下。

who incorporated these new domains¹ into the so-called Papal State, which remained an independent country until half a century ago. 教皇将这些新征服的领地并人所谓的"教皇国"，一直到半个世纪之前，它还作为一个独立的国家而存在。

After Pepin's death, the relations between Rome and Aix-la-Chapelle or Nymwegen or Ingelheim, (the Frankish Kings did not have one official residence, 丕平死后，罗马教会和埃克斯·拉·夏佩勒或尼姆韦根或英格尔海姆（法兰克国王没有固定的办公地点，

but travelled from place to place with all their ministers and court officers,) became more and more cordial. 总是携大臣和官员们不断从一个地方迁移到另一个地方）之间的关系日益亲密，

Finally the Pope and the King took a step which was to influence the history of Europe in a most profound way. 最终，教皇和国王一起采取了一个将深刻影响欧洲历史的重大行动。

Charles, commonly known as Carolus Magnus or Charlemagne, succeeded Pepin in the year 768. 公元768年，查理，一般称为卡罗勒斯·玛格纳斯或查理曼，继任为法兰克国王。

He had conquered the land of the Saxons in eastern Germany and had built towns and monasteries² all over the greater part of northern Europe. 查理曼征服了德国东部原属撒克逊人的土地，并在欧洲北部大量兴建城镇和教堂。

At the request of certain enemies of Abdar-Rahman, he had invaded Spain to fight the Moors³. 应阿布·艾尔·拉赫曼的敌人之邀，查理曼侵人西班牙，与摩尔人激战。

But in the Pyrenees he had been attacked by the wild Basques and had been forced to retire. 但在比利牛斯山区，他遭到野蛮的巴斯克人的袭击，被迫撤退。

It was upon this occasion that Roland, the great Margrave of Breton, showed what a Frankish chieftain of those early days meant when he promised to be faithful to his King, 就在这关键时刻，布列塔尼亚侯爵罗兰挺身而出，展现出一个早期法兰克贵族效忠国王的精神。为掩护皇家军队的撤退，罗兰牺牲了自己和他忠诚部属的生命。

and gave his life and that of his trusted followers⁴ to safeguard the retreat of the royal army. 他的事迹在欧洲广为传唱，成为后代骑士们倾慕与效仿的偶像。

1 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

2 monasteries   

修道院( monastery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• In ancient China, there were lots of monasteries. 在古时候，中国有许多寺院。
• The Negev became a religious center with many monasteries and churches. 内格夫成为许多庙宇和教堂的宗教中心。

3 moors   

v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• the North York moors 北约克郡的漠泽
• They're shooting grouse up on the moors. 他们在荒野射猎松鸡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。