纽约时报 博尔顿对抗伊朗的要求引五角大楼惊慌(1)

Bolton's Request to Counter Iran Alarms Pentageon

博尔顿对抗伊朗的要求引五角大楼惊慌

By Eric Schmitt and Mark Landler

文/埃里克·施密特，马克·兰德勒

Senior Pentagon officials are voicing deepening fears that

五角大楼高级官员表示，他们越来越担心

President Trump¹’s hawkish³ national security adviser⁴, John R. Bolton,

特朗普总统的鹰派国家安全顾问约翰·博尔顿

could precipitate⁵ a conflict with Iran at a time when Mr. Trump is losing leverage⁶ in the Middle East by pulling out American troops.

可能会在特朗普撤军进而失去美国在中东的影响力之际，突然对伊朗发起冲突。

At Mr. Bolton’s direction, the National Security Council asked the Pentagon last year

在博尔顿的指示下，去年，国家安全委员会曾要求五角大楼

to provide the White House with military options to strike Iran, Defense⁷ Department and senior American officials said on Sunday.

向白宫提议对伊朗展开军事行动，国防部和多位高级官员周日表示。

The request, which alarmed then-Defense Secretary Jim Mattis and other Pentagon officials,

在博尔顿提出这一要求之前，该要求令当时的国防部长吉姆·马蒂斯和五角大楼的其他官员感到十分惊恐，

came after Iranian-backed militants⁸ fired three mortars⁹ or rockets into an empty lot on the grounds of the United States Embassy in Baghdad in September.

伊朗支持的武装分子曾在9月份时往美国驻巴格达大使馆的空地上发射了三枚迫击炮或火箭弹。

In response to Mr. Bolton’s request, which The Wall Street Journal first reported,

针对博尔顿的这一请求，《华尔街日报》率先登出了此事，

the Pentagon offered some general options, including a cross-border airstrike on an Iranian military facility that would have been mostly symbolic¹⁰.

五角大楼给出了几个常规选项，比如对伊朗最具代表性的一处军事设施进行跨境空袭。

But Mr. Mattis and other military leaders adamantly¹¹ opposed retaliating¹², arguing that the attack was insignificant¹³ —a position that ultimately won out, these officials said.

但马蒂斯和其他军事领导人坚决反对实施这类报复行为，声称伊朗的这次袭击其实无关紧要——最终他们的这一立场胜出了，这些官员说。

Such a strike could have caused an armed conflict and could have prompted Iraq to order the United States to leave the country,

因为这样的袭击可能会引发武装冲突，甚至可能导致伊拉克命令美军撤出该国，

said a senior American official, who spoke¹⁴ on the condition of anonymity¹⁵ to discuss internal policy deliberations.

一名不愿透露姓名的高级官员在评价内部的政策协商时说。

Since Mr. Bolton took over from H.R. McMaster in April, he has intensified¹⁶ the administration’s policy of isolating¹⁷ and pressuring Iran —

自从今年4月接替麦克马斯特（成为特朗普的国家安全顾问）以来，博尔顿就加紧了政府对孤立伊朗、逼迫伊朗的政策，

reflecting an animus¹⁸ against Iran’s leaders that dates back to his days as an official in the George W. Bush administration.

这也反映了他从在小布什政府任职时就对伊朗领导人产生的敌意根深蒂固。

As a private citizen, he later called for military strikes on Iran, as well as regime change.

作为普通民众，后来他又呼吁对伊朗进行军事打击，还要求对伊朗政权进行更迭。

Mr. Bolton has made headway on some issues, like persuading Mr. Trump to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal,

在部分问题上博尔顿确实取得了一些进展，比如他说服了特朗普退出伊朗核协议,

but has had less success with others, like maintaining an American military presence in northeastern Syria to counter Iranian influence —

但在其他问题上就没有那么乐观了，比如在继续维持美国在叙利亚东北部的军事力量从而对抗伊朗对叙利亚的影响一事上——

something Mr. Bolton vowed¹⁹ to do only weeks before the president announced in December that he was pulling out.

总统去年12月宣布从叙利亚撤军的几周前，博尔顿才信誓旦旦地做出了这一承诺。

In asking for military options, a senior administration official said, Mr. Bolton was merely doing his job as national security adviser.

博尔顿请求采取军事行动，一位高级政府官员说，也不过是在履行他作为国家安全顾问的职责罢了。

He pointed²⁰ out that the Iranian-backed militants also targeted the American Consulate²¹ in Basra.

他指出，伊朗支持的武装分子还袭击了美国驻（伊拉克）巴士拉的领事馆。

“The N.S.C. coordinates²² policy and provides the president with options to anticipate and respond to a variety of threats,”

“国家安全委员会对政策进行了协调，并为总统提供了防范并应对各种威胁的选择，”

said a spokesman for the National Security Council, Garrett Marquis.

国家安全委员会发言人加勒特·马奎斯说到。

Mr. Bolton, 70, is not the only Iran hawk² in Mr. Trump’s circle of top advisers²³.

在特朗普的高级顾问圈子里，70岁的博尔顿并不是唯一一个对伊朗持强硬态度的人。

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo declared in a speech at the American University in Cairo last week that

国务卿迈克·庞培上周在开罗美利坚大学发表演讲时就宣称，

“countries increasingly understand that we must confront the ayatollahs, not coddle them.”

“各国都已经越来越清楚地认识到，我们必须跟那些阿亚图拉硬碰硬，而不是纵容他们。”

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 hawk   

n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员

参考例句：

• The hawk swooped down on the rabbit and killed it.鹰猛地朝兔子扑下来,并把它杀死。
• The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.老鹰叼了小鸡就飞走了。

3 hawkish   

adj. 鹰派的, 强硬派的

参考例句：

• My staff's advice that first day was amazingly hawkish. 在第一天，我的僚属们的意见是令人吃惊的鹰派意见。
• Antiwar groups fear Barack Obama may create hawkish Cabinet. 反战团体担心巴拉克·奥巴马可以创建强硬派内阁。

4 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

5 precipitate   

adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物

参考例句：

• I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.我认为我们不应该贸然作出决定。
• The king was too precipitate in declaring war.国王在宣战一事上过于轻率。

6 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

7 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

8 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

9 mortars   

n.迫击炮( mortar的名词复数 )；砂浆；房产；研钵

参考例句：

• They could not move their heavy mortars over the swampy ground. 他们无法把重型迫击炮移过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Where the hell are his mortars? 他有迫击炮吗？ 来自教父部分

10 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

11 adamantly   

adv.坚决地，坚定不移地，坚强不屈地

参考例句：

• "Come over here,"he told her adamantly. “到这边来，”他对她坚定地说。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His family were adamantly opposed to the marriage. 他的家人坚决反对这门亲事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 retaliating   

v.报复，反击( retaliate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged. 凯特先生说，如果欧共体一意孤行，美国政府将于六周后开始报复。 来自互联网

13 insignificant   

adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的

参考例句：

• In winter the effect was found to be insignificant.在冬季，这种作用是不明显的。
• This problem was insignificant compared to others she faced.这一问题与她面临的其他问题比较起来算不得什么。

14 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

15 anonymity   

n.the condition of being anonymous

参考例句：

• Names of people in the book were changed to preserve anonymity. 为了姓名保密，书中的人用的都是化名。
• Our company promises to preserve the anonymity of all its clients. 我们公司承诺不公开客户的姓名。

16 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 isolating   

adj.孤立的，绝缘的v.使隔离( isolate的现在分词 )；将…剔出（以便看清和单独处理）；使（某物质、细胞等）分离；使离析

参考例句：

• Colour filters are not very effective in isolating narrow spectral bands. 一些滤色片不能很有效地分离狭窄的光谱带。 来自辞典例句
• This became known as the streak method for isolating bacteria. 这个方法以后就称为分离细菌的划线法。 来自辞典例句

18 animus   

n.恶意；意图

参考例句：

• They are full of animus towords us.他们对我们怀有敌意。
• When you have an animus against a person,you should give it up.当你对别人怀有敌意时，你应当放弃这种想法。

19 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

20 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

21 consulate   

n.领事馆

参考例句：

• The Spanish consulate is the large white building opposite the bank.西班牙领事馆是银行对面的那栋高大的白色建筑物。
• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。

22 coordinates   

n.相配之衣物；坐标( coordinate的名词复数 )；（颜色协调的）配套服装；[复数]女套服；同等重要的人（或物）v.使协调，使调和( coordinate的第三人称单数 )；协调；协同；成为同等

参考例句：

• The town coordinates on this map are 695037. 该镇在这幅地图上的坐标是695037。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》

23 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。