纽约时报 汽油涨价引发抗议 伊朗政府发动血腥镇压(2)

The gas price increase, which was announced as most Iranians had gone to bed,

油价上涨的消息宣布时，大多数伊朗人都已进入梦乡，

came as Iran is struggling to fill a yawning budget gap.

之所以采取这一措施，则是因为伊朗正在努力填补日益巨大的预算缺口。

The Trump¹ administration sanctions, most notably² their tight restrictions³ on exports of Iran’s oil, are a big reason for the shortfall.

特朗普政府的制裁，尤其是对伊朗出口石油的严格限制，是造成伊朗预算短缺的重大原因。

The sanctions are meant to pressure Iran into renegotiating the 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and major world powers,

本轮制裁意在迫使伊朗就2015年与几个主要大国签订的核协议——

which President Trump abandoned, calling it too weak.

特朗普已经退出该协议，声称该协议约束力过于弱小——重回谈判桌。

Most of the nationwide unrest seemed concentrated in neighborhoods and cities populated by low-income and working-class families,

伊朗的此次全国性动乱主要集中在低收入和工薪阶层聚集的社区和城市，

suggesting this was an uprising born in the historically loyal power base of Iran’s post-revolutionary hierarchy⁴.

表明这是伊朗后革命时期阶层体系中历来对统治阶级一直颇为忠诚的阶层所爆发的一次起义。

Many Iranians, stupefied and embittered⁵, have directed their hostility⁶ directly at the supreme⁷ leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,

不少伊朗人，不少已经麻木又愤愤不平的伊朗人纷纷将敌意的目光直接对准了他们的最高领导人阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊，

who called the crackdown a justified⁹ response to a plot by Iran’s enemies at home and abroad.

因后者声称政府的镇压活动是对伊朗国内外的敌人的阴谋的正当回应。

The killings¹⁰ prompted a provocative¹¹ warning from Mir Hussein Moussavi, an opposition¹² leader and former presidential candidate

各地的杀戮也激起了反对派领袖，前总统候选人米尔·侯赛因·穆萨维颇具挑衅意味的警告，

whose 2009 election loss set off peaceful demonstrations¹³ that Ayatollah Khamenei also suppressed by force.

2009年，穆萨维选举失败，引发了多次和平示威，示威最后也受到了哈梅内伊的武力镇压。

In a statement posted Saturday on an opposition website,

周六，自2011年以来一直被软禁也很少公开发言的穆萨维

Mr. Moussavi, who has been under house arrest since 2011 and seldom speaks publicly, blamed the supreme leader for the killings.

在某反对派网站公布的一份声明中就杀戮事件问责最高领导人。

He compared them to an infamous¹⁴ 1978 massacre¹⁵ by government forces

为此，他还提到了1978年那次声名狼藉的大屠杀。

that led to the downfall of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi a year later, at the hands of the Islamic revolutionaries who now rule the country.

那场大屠杀造成了国王穆罕默德·雷扎·巴列维一年后的直接倒台，推翻他的那些伊斯兰革命者就是当今的伊朗统治者。

“The killers¹⁶ of the year 1978 were the representatives of a nonreligious regime

“1978年大屠杀的凶手是非宗教政权的代表，

and the agents and shooters of November 2019 are the representatives of a religious government,” he said.

而实施2019年11月大屠杀的是宗教政府的代表，”他说。

“Then the commander in chief was the shah and today, here, the supreme leader with absolute authority.”

“那次的总司令是当时的国王，这次的则是拥有绝对权威的伊朗最高领导人。”

The authorities have declined to specify¹⁷ casualties and arrests and have denounced unofficial figures on the national death toll⁸ as speculative¹⁸.

伊朗当局拒绝透露具体的伤亡人数和被捕人数，还谴责非官方的全国死亡人数只是猜测。

But the nation’s interior minister, Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, has cited widespread unrest around the country.

然而，该国内政部长阿卜杜勒礼萨·拉赫马尼·法兹利列出了全国各地的骚乱事件。

On state media, he said that protests had erupted in 29 out of 31 provinces and 50 military bases had been attacked,

他在官方媒体上透露，伊朗31省已经有29省爆发抗议活动，还有50个军事基地遭到袭击，

which if true suggested a level of coordination¹⁹ absent in the earlier protests.

如果他所言属实，那就意味着早期的抗议活动缺乏一定的协调。

Iran’s official media have reported that several members of the security forces were killed and injured during the clashes.

伊朗官方媒体报道称，有数名警卫在冲突中被杀或受伤。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

3 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

4 hierarchy   

n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层

参考例句：

• There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
• She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。

5 embittered   

v.使怨恨，激怒( embitter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• These injustices embittered her even more. 不公平使她更加受苦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The artist was embittered by public neglect. 大众的忽视于那位艺术家更加难受。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

7 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

8 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

9 justified   

a.正当的，有理的

参考例句：

• She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
• The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。

10 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

11 provocative   

adj.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的，挑逗的

参考例句：

• She wore a very provocative dress.她穿了一件非常性感的裙子。
• His provocative words only fueled the argument further.他的挑衅性讲话只能使争论进一步激化。

12 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

13 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

14 infamous   

adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的

参考例句：

• He was infamous for his anti-feminist attitudes.他因反对女性主义而声名狼藉。
• I was shocked by her infamous behaviour.她的无耻行径令我震惊。

15 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

16 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

17 specify   

vt.指定，详细说明

参考例句：

• We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
• Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

18 speculative   

adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的

参考例句：

• Much of our information is speculative.我们的许多信息是带推测性的。
• The report is highly speculative and should be ignored.那个报道推测的成分很大，不应理会。

19 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。