时代周刊:揭秘性罪犯治疗 和性犯罪者一起接受治疗(4)

The consequences were swift.

后果很快就降临了。

Matt went to prison for 11 months.

马特被判了11个月的监禁。

He lost his career and fiancée.

还失去了事业和他的未婚妻。

He now works a job in construction that he says he hates.

他现在在建筑行业工作，他说他讨厌这份工作。

As Matt recounts his story,

马特讲述他的故事时

Jennifer cuts in to ask him how he justified¹ having a sexual conversation with a teenager in the first place.

詹妮弗打断了他，问他到底为什么要和一个十几岁的女孩儿聊性。

"I thought, At least I'm not touching² her," Matt says.

“我以为，至少我没有碰过她，”马特说。

"I didn't think of a 14-year-old as a child.

“我并不拿一个14岁的人当孩子看。

I thought of myself at that age being highly sexualized.

我觉得那个年龄的我自己是非常非常性感的，

I thought everyone was, or at least everyone was pretending to be."

我以为每个人都是这样的，至少每个人都在假装很性感。”

"O.K., S-T-O-P," Jennifer interrupts. "That's a cognitive³ distortion, right there."

“好了，别说了，”詹妮弗打断了他的话。“你这是一种认知扭曲。”

A sex offender⁴, Jennifer later explains, often commits a crime by rationalizing it in some way:

詹妮弗后来解释说，性犯罪者通常都会以某种方式给自己的行为找理由：

she wanted it, or my needs mattered more than hers.

她希望我这样，或者我的需求比她的需求更重要。

They convince themselves that a false notion is true—a cognitive distortion.

他们说服自己相信原本错误的观念是正确的——这就是一种认知扭曲。

Therapists' work often consists of challenging their clients' false beliefs

治疗师的工作通常包括质疑患者的错误观念，

and encouraging them to develop a more realistic view of the world.

鼓励他们对世界抱有更现实的看法。

There isn't one standard method for treating sex offenders⁵.

治疗性侵犯者的时候并没有一种标准的治疗办法。

But many experts have come to agree that identifying motivations and thought patterns is essential.

但许多专家都一致同意，挖掘他们的动机和思维模式至关重要。

Still, some therapists favor a much more confrontational⁶ method.

尽管如此，一些治疗师还是倾向于采用对抗性更强的方法。

"I saw treatment providers shaming and demeaning people,

“我看到治疗师们会羞辱和贬损病人，

and literally⁷ having people get on their knees and say, 'I'm f-cked up. I'm f-cked up. I'm f-cked up,' Cheryl says.

还会真的让他们跪着说，‘我完了，我完了，我完了，”谢丽尔说道。

"I would much rather reach out my hand and say, 'Let's talk about how f-cked up you are.'

“我更愿意向他们伸出我的手，然后说，‘我们来聊聊你完蛋到什么程度了。’”

Recent research published by the American Public Health Association

美国公共卫生协会最近发表的研究表明，

suggests that focusing on punishments rather than positive goals can actually increase the chance of recidivism⁸.

把治疗的重点放在惩罚而不是积极的目标上是会助长罪他们再犯的几率的。

In 2006, the Department of Justice endorsed⁹ more progressive methods such as the Good Lives Model,

2006年，司法部批准了“美好生活模式”等更先进的治疗方案，

which aims to teach people how to fulfill¹⁰ their emotional and physical needs without hurting others.

该方案旨在教导人们如何在不伤害他人的情况下，比如可以通过向性别歧视行为

That includes challenging sexist behaviors and skewed social views that lead them to hurt other people.

和导致他们伤害他人的社会偏见发起挑战来满足自己的情感和生理需求。

In one group session, Cheryl and Jennifer pose a scenario¹¹ meant to do just that:

在一次小组讨论中，谢丽尔和詹妮弗就为此模拟了这样一个场景：

a man walks into an office, and a female receptionist smiles at him.

一个男人走进办公室时，一位女接待员对他微笑了。

Should he ask her out on a date?

问题：他应不应该就此约她出去呢？

Two 50-something men in the group say they've always assumed every time a woman smiles or wears a short skirt,

小组中有两名50多岁的男性都说，他们一直认为，只要女士对他们微笑或穿短裙，

she's coming on to them.

就是在勾引他们。

One of the men in his early 30s argues that the receptionist has to be friendly to do her job.

还有一名30岁出头的男子认为，接待员是不得已用友好的态度工作。

Jennifer points out that the receptionist is in an impossible position:

詹妮弗指出，接待员其实是处在一个两难的境地里的：

if a valued customer hits on her, she may fear that she'll be fired if she rejects him.

如果一位重要的客户主动找她搭讪，她可能就会担心如果拒绝他，自己会被解雇。

1 justified   

a.正当的，有理的

参考例句：

• She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
• The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。

2 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

3 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

4 offender   

n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者

参考例句：

• They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
• The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。

5 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

6 confrontational   

adj.挑衅的；对抗的

参考例句：

• Fans love rappers partly because they strike such a confrontational pose. 乐迷热爱这些饶舌艺人一定程度上是因为他们所采取的那种战斗姿态。 来自互联网
• You prefer a non confrontational approach when it comes to resolving disputes. 面对争端，你不喜欢采用对抗性的手段来解决。 来自互联网

7 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

8 recidivism   

n.累犯，再犯

参考例句：

• Many areas and work units have experienced no recidivism at all for as long as ten or more years.不少地区和单位出现了连续几年、十几年没有发生重新犯罪的好典型。
• It needs to supplement the personality factor to confirm the ordinary recidivism.在普通累犯成立的条件中,应增加罪犯的人格因素。

9 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。

11 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。