异类之不一样的成功启示录 第123期:七个连续的人为失误

 　　Then the errors start—and not just one error.

　　问题往往从这里开始，通常单个错误不会造成重大事故。

　　Typical accident involves seven consecutive¹ human errors.

　　典型的事故都会涉及七个连续的人为失误。

　　One of the pilots does something wrong that by itself would not be a problem.

　　某个飞行员造成一个失误不是问题，

　　Then one of them makes another error on top of that, which combined with the first error, still is not amount to catastrophe².

　　但机组其他人员会在此基础之上，出现另外一个失误，两个失误仍然不能够构成大灾难。

　　But then they make a third error on top of that, and then another and another and another and another, and it's the combination of all those errors that leads to disaster.

　　但在此之上，他们又会出现第三个失误，然后一个接一个，最后所有的失误叠加在一起，大灾难就发生了。

　　These seven errors, furthermore, are rarely problems of knowledge or flying skill.

　　再进一步讲，这七个失误完全与知识和飞行技巧无关，

　　It's not that the pilot has to negotiate some critical technical maneuver³ and fails.

　　也非飞行员们必须进行讨论的重大机动问题。

　　The kinds of errors that cause plane crashes are invariably errors of teamwork and communication.

　　造成飞机坠落的问题无一不与团队合作或沟通相关。

　　One pilot knows something important and somehow doesn't tell the other pilot.

　　某个飞行员得知一件重要的事情，但不知为何，他不愿与其他飞行员分享；

　　One pilot does something wrong, and the other pilot doesn't catch the error.

　　某个飞行员操作失误，但其他飞行员却不肯当面指出；

　　A tricky⁴ situation needs to be resolved through a complex series of steps—and some-how the pilots fail to coordinate⁵ and miss one of them.

　　类似这种微妙的情况需要一系列复杂的程序予以解决，但很多飞行员并不擅长进行协作来解决此类问题，而且还会遗漏其中一些程序。

　　"The whole flight-deck design is intended to be operated by two people, and that operation works best when you have one person checking the other,

　　“整个驾驶舱是为两个人操作飞机设计的，一人驾驶飞机，一人在旁协助；

　　or both people willing to participate," says EarlWeener, who was for many years chief engineer for safety at Boeing.

　　或两个人一同参与飞行。这样，飞行工作会进行得非常顺利。”波音公司负责安全工作多年的总工程师厄艾尔·卡卫涅说，

　　"Airplanes are very unforgiving if you don't do things right.

　　“如果你做错了事，可不要期待飞机会原谅你。

　　And for a long time it's been clear that if you have two people operating the airplane cooperatively,

　　很久以来的事实证明，如果两名飞行员一起合作飞行，飞机会更安全。

　　you will have a safer operation than if you have a single pilot flying the plane and another person who is simply there to takeover if the pilot is incapacitated."

　　若只由一名飞行员飞行，另一名飞行员只是简单坐在一旁，直到无法继续飞行时才来接替，那么安全系数就会小得多。”

　　Consider, for example, the famous (in aviation circles, anyway) crash of the Colombian airliner⁶ Avianca flight 052 in January of 1990.

　　航空界里最着名的坠机事件，是1990年哥伦比亚航空公司阿维安卡52号航班的坠机事件。

　　The Avianca accident so perfectly⁷ illustrates⁸ the characteristics of the "modern" plane crash that it is studied in flight schools.

　　阿维安卡事故非常完美地演绎了“现代”飞机坠落事件的一系列特征，因而被飞行学校作为教学案例。

1 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

2 catastrophe   

n.大灾难，大祸

参考例句：

• I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。
• This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

3 maneuver   

n.策略[pl.]演习；v.(巧妙)控制；用策略

参考例句：

• All the fighters landed safely on the airport after the military maneuver.在军事演习后，所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。
• I did get her attention with this maneuver.我用这个策略确实引起了她的注意。

4 tricky   

adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；(工作等)棘手的，微妙的

参考例句：

• I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手，你能帮我吗？
• He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题，只做了个笼统的表述。

5 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

6 airliner   

n.客机，班机

参考例句：

• The pilot landed the airliner safely.驾驶员使客机安全着陆。
• The passengers were shepherded across the tarmac to the airliner.旅客们被引导走过跑道去上飞机。

7 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

8 illustrates   

给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明

参考例句：

• This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
• Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生，他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分