有声读物《孙子兵法》第6期:第一章 始计(6)

　　始记篇 NO.6：

　　兵者，诡道也。

　　故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

　　利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之，攻其无备，出其不意。

　　此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　用兵作战，就是诡诈。

　　因此，有能力而装做没有能力，实际上要攻打而装做不攻打，欲攻打近处却装做攻打远处，攻打远处却装做攻打近处。

　　对方贪利就用利益诱惑他，对方混乱就趁机攻取他，对方强大就要防备他，对方暴躁易怒就可以撩拨他怒而失去理智，对方自卑而谨慎就使他骄傲自大，对方体力充沛就使其劳累，对方内部亲密团结就挑拨离间，要攻打对方没有防备的地方，在对方没有料到的时机发动进攻。

　　这些都是军事家克敌制胜的诀窍，不可先传泄于人也。

　　英文这么说：

　　All warfare¹ is based on deception².

　　Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable;when using our forces, we must seeminactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away;when far away,we must make him believe we are near.

　　Hold out baits to entice³ the enemy. Feign⁴ disorder,and crush him. If he is secure at all points,be prepared for him.If he is in superior strength, evade⁵ him. If your opponent is of cholerictemper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant⁶. If he is takinghis ease, give him no rest.If his forces are united, separate them. Attack him where he isunprepared, appear where you are not expected.

　　These military devices, leading to victory,must not be divulged⁷ beforehand.

　　《出其不意典故》

　　东汉末年，曹操打败了袁绍，平定了北方，高干在并州据地称王，河东卫固、范先表面要求任太守，实际与高干暗通，曹操没有让他们任太守，由杜畿担任河东太守。杜畿说自己孤身前去赴任，让卫固感到出乎意料，然后分化他们来巩固地位。

1 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

2 deception   

n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计

参考例句：

• He admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception.他承认曾与人合谋骗取财产。
• He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年。

3 entice   

v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿

参考例句：

• Nothing will entice the children from television.没有任何东西能把孩子们从电视机前诱开。
• I don't see why the English should want to entice us away from our native land.我不明白，为什英国人要引诱我们离开自己的国土。

4 feign   

vt.假装，佯作

参考例句：

• He used to feign an excuse.他惯于伪造口实。
• She knew that her efforts to feign cheerfulness weren't convincing.她明白自己强作欢颜是瞒不了谁的。

5 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？

6 arrogant   

adj.傲慢的，自大的

参考例句：

• You've got to get rid of your arrogant ways.你这骄傲劲儿得好好改改。
• People are waking up that he is arrogant.人们开始认识到他很傲慢。

7 divulged   

v.吐露，泄露( divulge的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He divulged nothing to him save the terrible handicap of being young. 他想不出个所以然来，只是想到自己年纪尚幼，极端不利。 来自辞典例句
• The spy divulged the secret plans to the enemy. 那名间谍把秘密计划泄漏给敌人。 来自辞典例句