有声读物《孙子兵法》第73期:第十三章 用间(1)

 　　用间篇 NO.1：

　　孙子曰：凡兴师十万，出征千里，百姓之费，公家之奉，日费千金，内外骚动，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十万家。

　　相守数年，以争一日之胜，而爱爵禄百金，不知敌之情者，不仁之至也，非民之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之王也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　孙子说：凡兴兵十万，征战千里，百姓的耗费，国家的开支，每天都要花费千金，前后方动乱不安，戌卒疲备地在路上奔波，不能从事正常生产的有七十万家。

　　这样相持数年，就是为了决胜于一旦，如果吝惜爵禄和金钱，不肯用来重用间谍，以致因为不能掌握敌情而导致失败，那就是不仁到极点了。

　　这种人不配作军队的统帅，算不上国家的辅佐，也不是胜利的主宰。

　　英文这么说：

　　Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails¹ heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State.

　　The daily expenditure² will amount to a thousand ounces of silver.

　　There will be commotion³ at home and abroad,and men will drop down exhausted⁴ on the highways.

　　As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded⁵ in their labor⁶.

　　Hostile armies may face each other for years,striving for the victory which is decided⁷ in a single day.

　　This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges⁸ the outlay⁹ of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments¹⁰, is the height of inhumanity.

　　One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory.

　　课后拓展：

　　孙子在《用间篇》开宗明义，兴兵十万，征战千里，如果吝惜爵禄金钱，不肯重用情报人员、正确使用信息，以致因不能掌握敌情而导致失败，那就是不仁慈到了极点。而要了解敌情，不可用求神问鬼的方式获取，不可拿相似的事情做类比推测得出，不可用日月星辰运行的位置去做验证，一定要取之于人，从那些收悉敌情的人中获取。所以，《用间篇》分别叙说了重视情报、获取信息的类别要诀、原则策略和方式方法，并以“此兵之要，三军所恃而动也”笼贯全书。意思是运用好信息和情报，才是用兵的要害和关键。

1 entails   

使…成为必要( entail的第三人称单数 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需

参考例句：

• The job entails a lot of hard work. 这工作需要十分艰苦的努力。
• This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力。

2 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

3 commotion   

n.骚动，动乱

参考例句：

• They made a commotion by yelling at each other in the theatre.他们在剧院里相互争吵，引起了一阵骚乱。
• Suddenly the whole street was in commotion.突然间，整条街道变得一片混乱。

4 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

5 impeded   

阻碍，妨碍，阻止( impede的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Work on the building was impeded by severe weather. 楼房的施工因天气恶劣而停了下来。
• He was impeded in his work. 他的工作受阻。

6 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

7 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

8 grudges   

不满，怨恨，妒忌( grudge的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He never grudges money. 他从不吝惜金钱。
• They bear grudges against each other. 他俩有过节儿。

9 outlay   

n.费用，经费，支出；v.花费

参考例句：

• There was very little outlay on new machinery.添置新机器的开支微乎其微。
• The outlay seems to bear no relation to the object aimed at.这费用似乎和预期目的完全不相称。

10 emoluments   

n.报酬，薪水( emolument的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The emoluments of this profession is not satisfactory. 此行业的报酬不令人满意。 来自辞典例句
• Emoluments connected with this position include free education for the children. 与这职务有关的酬劳包括为子女提供免费教育。 来自互联网