有声读物《孙子兵法》第64期:第十一章 九地(3)

 　　九地篇 NO.3：

　　凡为客之道，深入则专。

　　主人不克，掠于饶野，三军足食;谨养而勿劳，并气积力;运兵计谋，为不可测。

　　投之无所往，死且不北。死焉不得，士人尽力。兵士甚陷则不惧，无所往则固，深入则拘，不得已则斗。

　　是故其兵不修而戒，不求而得，不约而亲，不令而信，禁祥去疑，至死无所之。

　　吾士无余财，非恶货也；无余命，非恶寿也。令发之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃卧者涕交颐，投之无所往，诸、刿之勇也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　在敌国境内进行作战的一般规律是：越深入敌国腹地，我军军心就越坚固，敌人就不易战胜我们。

　　在敌国丰饶地区掠取粮草，部队给养就有了保障。

　　要注意休整部队，不要使其过于疲劳，保持土气，养精蓄锐。

　　部署兵力，巧设计谋，使敌人无法判断我军的意图。

　　将部队置于无路可走的绝境，士卒就会宁死不退。

　　士卒既能宁死不退，那么他们怎么会不殊死作战呢！

　　士卒深陷危险的境地，就不再存在恐惧，一旦无路可走，军心就会牢固。

　　深入敌境军队就不会离散。遇到迫不得已的情况，军队就会殊死奋战。

　　因此，不须整饬就能注意戒备，不用强求就能完成任务，无须约束就能亲密团结，不待申令就会遵守纪律。

　　禁止占卜迷信，消除士卒的疑虑，他们至死也不会逃避。

　　我军士卒没有多余的钱财，并不是不爱钱财；士卒置生死于度外，也不是不想长寿。

　　当作战命令颁布之时，坐着的士卒泪沾衣襟，躺着的士卒泪流满面，但把士卒置于无路可走的绝境，他们就都会象专诸、曹刿一样的勇敢。

　　英文这么说：

　　The following are the principles to be observed by an invading force:

　　The further you penetrate¹ into a country, the greater will be the solidarity² of your troops,and thus the defenders³ will not prevail against you.

　　Make forays in fertile country in order to supply your army with food.

　　Carefully study the well-being⁴ of your men,and do not overtax them.

　　Concentrate your energy and hoard⁵ your strength.

　　Keep your army continually on the move,and devise unfathomable plans.

　　Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape, and they will prefer death to flight.

　　If they will face death, there is nothing they may not achieve.

　　Officers and men alike will put forth⁶ their uttermost strength.

　　Soldiers when in desperate straits lose the sense of fear.

　　If there is no place of refuge,they will stand firm.

　　If they are in hostile country,they will show a stubborn front.

　　If there is no help for it, they will fight hard.

　　Thus, without waiting to be marshaled, the soldiers will be constantly on the qui vive;

　　without waiting to be asked, they will do your will; without restrictions,they will be faithful; without giving orders, they can be trusted.

　　Prohibit the taking of omens⁷, and do away with superstitious⁸ doubts. Then, until death itself comes,no calamity⁹ need be feared.

　　If our soldiers are not overburdened with money,it is not because they have a distaste for riches;

　　if their lives are not unduly¹⁰ long, it is not because they are disinclined to longevity¹¹.

　　On the day they are ordered out to battle,your soldiers may weep, those sitting up bedewing their garments

　　and those lying down letting the tears run down their cheeks.

　　But let them once be brought to bay,and they will display the courage of a Chu or a Kuei.

　　单句理解：

　　士兵的士气和体力是军队战斗力的根本保证，所以孙子主张用兵作战一定要懂得保持士兵的体力，从而使军队保持旺盛的战斗力。此外用兵要神出鬼没，不要让敌人判断出我军的行动意图，或者推断出我军的行动方向。

1 penetrate   

v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解

参考例句：

• Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
• The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。

2 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

3 defenders   

n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者

参考例句：

• The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众，只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

5 hoard   

n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积

参考例句：

• They have a hoard of food in the basement.地下室里有他们贮藏的食物。
• How many curios do you hoard in your study?你在你书房里聚藏了多少古玩？

6 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

7 omens   

n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The omens for the game are still not propitious. 这场比赛仍不被看好。 来自辞典例句
• Such omens betide no good. 这种征兆预示情况不妙。 来自辞典例句

8 superstitious   

adj.迷信的

参考例句：

• They aim to deliver the people who are in bondage to superstitious belief.他们的目的在于解脱那些受迷信束缚的人。
• These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.这些迷信做法应尽早取消。

9 calamity   

n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件

参考例句：

• Even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
• The attack on Pearl Harbor was a crushing calamity.偷袭珍珠港(对美军来说)是一场毁灭性的灾难。

10 unduly   

adv.过度地，不适当地

参考例句：

• He did not sound unduly worried at the prospect.他的口气听上去对前景并不十分担忧。
• He argued that the law was unduly restrictive.他辩称法律的约束性有些过分了。

11 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。