有声读物《孙子兵法》第68期:第十一章 九地(7)

 　　九地篇 NO.7：

　　是故不知诸侯之谋者，不能预交；

　　不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；

　　不用乡导，不能得地利。

　　四五者，一不知，非霸王之兵也。

　　夫霸王之兵，伐大国，则其众不得聚；威加于敌，则其交不得合。

　　是故不争天下之交，不养天下之权，信己之私，威加于敌，则其城可拔，其国可隳。

　　施无法之赏，悬无政之令。

　　犯三军之众，若使一人。犯之以事，勿告以言；

　　犯之以利，勿告以害。投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生。夫众陷于害，然后能为胜败。

　　故为兵之事，在顺详敌之意，并敌一向，千里杀将，是谓巧能成事。

　　这句啥意思：

　　不了解诸侯列国的战略意图，就不要与之结交；

　　不熟悉山林、险阻、沼泽等地形情况，就不能行军；不使用向导，就无法得到地利。

　　这些情况，如有一样不了解，都不能成为称王争霸的军队。

　　凡是王霸的军队，进攻大国，能使敌国的军民来不及动员集中；兵威加在敌人头上，能够使敌方的盟国无法配合策应。

　　因此，没有必要去争着同天下诸侯结交，也用不着在各诸侯国里培植自己的势力，

　　只要施展自己的战略意图，把兵威施加在敌人头上，就可以拔取敌人的城邑，摧毁敌人的国都。

　　施行超越惯例的奖赏，颁布不拘常规的号令，指挥全军就如同使用一个人一样。

　　向部下布置作战任务，但不说明其中意图。只告知利益而不指出危害。

　　将士卒置于危地，才能转危为安；使士卒陷于死地，才能起死回生。

　　军队深陷绝境，然后才能赢得胜利。

　　所以，指导战争的关键，在于谨慎地观察敌人的战略意图，集中兵力攻击敌人一部，千里奔袭，斩杀敌将，这就是所谓巧妙用兵，实现克敌制胜的目的。

　　英文这么说：

　　We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs.

　　We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country--

　　its mountains and forests,its pitfalls¹ and precipices², its marshes³ and swamps.

　　We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides.

　　To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince.

　　When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state,his generalship shows itself in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces.

　　He overawes his opponents,and their allies are prevented from joining against him.

　　Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry⁵, nor does he foster the power of other states.

　　He carries out his own secret designs, keeping his antagonists⁶ in awe⁴.

　　Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow⁷ their kingdoms.

　　Bestow⁸ rewards without regard to rule,issue orders without regard to previous arrangements;

　　and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man.

　　Confront your soldiers with the deed itself;never let them know your design.

　　When the outlook is bright,bring it before their eyes; but tell them nothing when the situation is gloomy.

　　Place your army in deadly peril⁹, and it will survive;plunge it into desperate straits, and it will come off in safety.

　　For it is precisely¹⁰ when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow for victory.

　　Success in warfare¹¹ is gained by carefully accommodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose.

　　By persistently¹² hanging on the enemy's flank, we shall succeed in the long run in killing¹³ the commander-in-chief.

　　This is called ability to accomplish a thing by sheer cunning.

　　单句理解：

　　孙子在这里所说的“夫霸王之兵，伐大国”，其实也就是说用兵作战要给敌军造成一种“势”。如果以霸王之兵进攻敌国，就能造成迅雷不及掩耳之势，做到先发制人，从而有效地把握战争的主动权。这样一旦出兵，便可使敌国措手不及，兵不得聚，人心散乱，军无斗志，也使盟国不敢策应驰援。

1 pitfalls   

（捕猎野兽用的）陷阱( pitfall的名词复数 )； 意想不到的困难，易犯的错误

参考例句：

• the potential pitfalls of buying a house 购买房屋可能遇到的圈套
• Several pitfalls remain in the way of an agreement. 在达成协议的进程中还有几个隐藏的困难。

2 precipices   

n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Sheer above us rose the Spy-glass, here dotted with single pines, there black with precipices. 我们的头顶上方耸立着陡峭的望远镜山，上面长着几棵孤零零的松树，其他地方则是黑黝黝的悬崖绝壁。 来自英汉文学 - 金银岛
• Few people can climb up to the sheer precipices and overhanging rocks. 悬崖绝壁很少有人能登上去。 来自互联网

3 marshes   

n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Cows were grazing on the marshes. 牛群在湿地上吃草。
• We had to cross the marshes. 我们不得不穿过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 awe   

n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧

参考例句：

• The sight filled us with awe.这景色使我们大为惊叹。
• The approaching tornado struck awe in our hearts.正在逼近的龙卷风使我们惊恐万分。

5 sundry   

adj.各式各样的，种种的

参考例句：

• This cream can be used to treat sundry minor injuries.这种药膏可用来治各种轻伤。
• We can see the rich man on sundry occasions.我们能在各种场合见到那个富豪。

6 antagonists   

对立[对抗] 者，对手，敌手( antagonist的名词复数 )； 对抗肌； 对抗药

参考例句：

• The cavalier defeated all the antagonists. 那位骑士打败了所有的敌手。
• The result was the entire reconstruction of the navies of both the antagonists. 双方的海军就从这场斗争里获得了根本的改造。

7 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

8 bestow   

v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费

参考例句：

• He wished to bestow great honors upon the hero.他希望将那些伟大的荣誉授予这位英雄。
• What great inspiration wiII you bestow on me?你有什么伟大的灵感能馈赠给我？

9 peril   

n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物

参考例句：

• The refugees were in peril of death from hunger.难民有饿死的危险。
• The embankment is in great peril.河堤岌岌可危。

10 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

11 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

12 persistently   

ad.坚持地；固执地

参考例句：

• He persistently asserted his right to a share in the heritage. 他始终声称他有分享那笔遗产的权利。
• She persistently asserted her opinions. 她果断地说出了自己的意见。

13 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。