向前一步:第51期 要成功 也要受欢迎(2)

 　　This experiment supports what research has already clearly shown: 这项实验支持了根据海蒂案例研究得出的明确结论：

　　success and likeability are positively¹ correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. 对男性来说，成功度与受欢迎度成正比，而对女性来说则成反比。

　　When a man is successful, he is liked by both men and women. 当一个男性成功了，他会同时受到男性和女性的欢迎，

　　When a woman is successful, people of both genders³ like her less. 而当一个女性成功了，不管是对男性还是对女性来说，她都会变得不那么受欢迎。

　　This truth is both shocking and unsurprising: 这项事实既令人吃惊又在意料之中：

　　shocking because no one would ever admit to stereotyping⁴ on the basis of gender² and unsurprising because clearly we do. 令人吃惊是因为，没有人会承认自己还在坚持男女有别的老一套；在意料之中是因为，很明显，我们的确还持有这样的观念。

　　Decades of social science studies have confirmed what the Heidi/Howard case study so blatantly⁵ demonstrates: 社会科学几十年的研究证实了“海蒂/霍华德”个案研究的明确结论：

　　we evaluate people based on stereotypes⁷ (gender, race, nationality, and age, among others). 我们对个人的评价基于成见，尤其是性别、种族、国籍、年龄等。

　　Our stereotype⁶ of men holds that they are providers, decisive, and driven. 我们对男性的固有印象是：他们是提供者，有决断力，积极进取。

　　Our stereotype of women holds that they are caregivers, sensitive, and communal⁸. 对女性的固有印象是：关爱他人，敏感，热心于公共事业。

　　Because we characterize men and women in opposition⁹ to each other, 因为我们将男性和女性的特点对立起来，

　　professional achievement and all the traits associated with it get placed in the male column. 所以在职场上的成就和与之相关的所有特点都被归到男性一边。

　　By focusing on her career and taking a calculated approach to amassing¹⁰ power, Heidi violated our stereotypical¹¹ expectations of women. 海蒂专注于事业，有计划地积聚自己的力量，这种做法违背了我们对女性的固有期待。

　　Yet by behaving in the exact same manner, Howard lived up to our stereotypical expectations of men. 然而，和海蒂做法相同的霍华德却符合我们对男性的固有期待。

　　The end result? Liked him, disliked her. 最终结果呢？我们喜欢他，不喜欢她。

1 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

2 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

3 genders   

n.性某些语言的（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等）( gender的名词复数 )；性别；某些语言的（名词、代词和形容词）性的区分

参考例句：

• There are three genders in German: masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有叁性：阳性、阴性和中性。 来自辞典例句
• Japan was fourth among the genders of foreign students. 日本在二十个留美学生输送地中列第四位。 来自互联网

4 stereotyping   

v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• I realize that I'm stereotyping. 我认识到我搞的是老一套。 来自辞典例句
• There is none of the gender stereotyping usually evident in school uniforms. 有没有人的性别刻板印象通常是显而易见的。 来自互联网

5 blatantly   

ad.公开地

参考例句：

• Safety guidelines had been blatantly ignored. 安全规章被公然置之不顾。
• They walked grandly through the lobby, blatantly arm in arm, pretending they were not defeated. 他们大大方方地穿过门厅，故意炫耀地挎着胳膊，假装他们没有被打败。

6 stereotype   

n.固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框

参考例句：

• He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
• There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。

7 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 communal   

adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的

参考例句：

• There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
• The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。

9 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

10 amassing   

v.积累，积聚( amass的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The study of taxonomy must necessarily involve the amassing of an encyclopaedic knowledge of plants. 分类学研究一定要积累广博的植物知识。 来自辞典例句
• Build your trophy room while amassing awards and accolades. 建立您的奖杯积累奖项和荣誉。 来自互联网

11 stereotypical   

n.常规

参考例句：

• Personas should be typical and believable, but not stereotypical. 人物角色应该是典型和可信赖的，但不是一成不变的。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Anything could be stereotypical, so I guess it could be criticism. 任何东西都可以变的老套，所以我猜那就是一种批评。 来自互联网