中英双语新闻——Facing the invasion of the superbugs

 　　A killer¹ bug² spreading across the globe like wildfire sounds like something out of a bad sci- fi film. But while this is still the stuff of fantasy, microbiologists are concerned about the news of an enzyme³ with the potential to convert all bacteria into superbugs resistant⁴ to treatment.

 

　　一种致命细菌在全球范围内迅速传播开来，这听上去就如同科幻灾难片中的情节。尽管这听上去就像是天方夜谭一样，但微生物学家们担心某种酶可以将所有细菌催化成无法消灭的超级细菌。

 

　　New Delhi Metallo-1 (NDM-1) is already widespread in India and Pakistan, according to the Lancet Infectious Disease journal. There have also apparently⁵ been 50 cases in Britain.

 

　　根据《柳叶刀传染病》杂志报道，一种名为“新德里金属蛋白酶—1即“NDM-1”的病菌已经在印度和巴基斯坦地区广泛传播。英国国内已出现约50宗病例。

 

　　Worryingly, NDM-1 appears to destroy a major group of antibiotics⁶, the carbapenems - one of the last still to work against other bacteria now resistant to other treatments.

 

　　令人担忧的是，这种“NDM-1”病菌甚至令碳青霉烯类抗生素也束手无策，而碳青霉烯类抗生素通常被认为是对抗耐药性病菌的最后方法。

 

　　So can we stay ahead of these superbugs? We talked to leading experts to discover what we can do to protect ourselves.

 

　　那么我们能够战胜这些超级细菌吗？我们就如何保护自己这一问题向权威专家们求助。

 

　　1. Use an antibacterial body wash/shampoo such as Hibiscrub before, during and after a hospital stay.

 

　　1.在入院前，住院期间以及出院后，要使用除菌浴液或洗发水，例如希必洁液。

 

　　2. If you’re fitted with a catheter, ask for it to be removed as soon as clinically possible, says Professor Mervyn Bibb, a molecular⁷ microbiologist at the John Innes Institute, Norwich. ‘It is a potential source of infection.’

 

　　2. 诺利奇约翰?英尼斯中心分子微生物学家默文?比布教授建议，如果治疗时使用导管，记得要求工作人员根据治疗需要，及时更换新的导管。他说：“这很有可能引起感染。”

 

　　3. Ask hospital staff and visitors to use antiseptic hand gel.

 

　　3.要求医护人员以及探访者使用除菌洗手液。

 

　　4. Take your antibiotics as prescribed: If you don’t finish the course or take them at reduced dose there is a risk you won’t kill all the bacteria, says Professor Bibb. ‘Finishing the course will ensure all pathogens are killed. Taking less than the prescribed amount could lead to incrementally⁸ resistant strains developing.’

 

　　4.比布教授建议要合理使用抗生素：如果你没有完成治疗疗程，或是减少药量，那么就有可能无法完全消灭病菌。“完成整个治疗疗程，这会保证所有的病原体都被杀死。剂量不足则会导致病菌的抗药性逐渐增强。”

 

　　5. Watch for signs of redness, swelling⁹ and pain around wounds and report it to medical staff.

 

　　5.严格观察伤口周围的变化，一旦发现泛红、肿胀或疼痛等状况，要及时向医生求助。

 

　　6. At home, practise good hand hygiene¹⁰. Wash your hands after going to the loo and before preparing food. Regularly clean door handles, light switches and flushes on loos. Avoid sharing towels. Be vigilant¹¹ about food hygiene: E. Coli can colonise meat products, such as burgers, so make sure you cook them thoroughly¹² and they are not left bloody¹³.

 

　　6.在家时，要养成良好的洗手习惯。如厕后、做饭前切记要洗手。定期清洁厕所门把手、电灯开关以及马桶。避免与他人共用毛巾。警惕“病从口入”：大肠杆菌能够在像汉堡这样的肉制品上大量繁殖，所以切记要将它们彻底烹熟，不要留有血丝。

1 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

2 bug   

n.虫子；故障；窃听器；vt.纠缠；装窃听器

参考例句：

• There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
• The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。

3 enzyme   

n.酵素，酶

参考例句：

• Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度，酶分子将会展开。
• An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。

4 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

5 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

6 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

7 molecular   

adj.分子的；克分子的

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
• For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。

8 incrementally   

adv.逐渐地

参考例句：

• Incrementally update the shared dimensions used in this cube. 增量更新此多维数据集中使用的共享维度。 来自互联网
• Grand goals are inspiring, but be sure to approach them incrementally. 辉煌的目标令人鼓舞，但一定要逐步实现。 来自互联网

9 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

10 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

11 vigilant   

adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的

参考例句：

• He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
• The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。

12 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

13 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。