中英双语新闻——28 Storms in cyberspace

 　　CYBERSPACE¹ enables fast communications, electricity grids², international banking³ and military might. While we can’t live without the Web, its very openness has made individuals, organizations and even nations targets in this new era of cyber warfare⁴.

 

　　网络实现了即时通讯、维护了高压输电网、便捷了国际金融业务以及加强了军事力量。一方面我们的生活离不开网络，而另一方面，开放的网络空间也将个人、组织甚至是国家处于新时代网络武器的威胁之下。

 

　　Last week, the US launched an exercise called Cyber Storm III. It was designed to simulate an all-out cyber attack in order to determine the readiness of US systems and infrastructure⁵.

 

　　上周，美国发动了代号为“网络风暴3号”的演习。模拟了一个全面发动的网络攻击，以检验美国是否能应对这种打击，进而在计算机系统和基础设施上做好准备。

 

　　This is the third time that the US has run the biennial⁶ Cyber Storm exercise. In total, the exercise involved 13 countries, six US cabinet-level departments and 60 companies. It simulated more than 1,500 types of threat to critical government systems.

 

　　这是美国第三次进行“网络风暴”，该项演习每两年进行一次。这次演习总共有13个国家参与，涉及了美国6个内阁部门，以及60家公司。演习共模拟了1500种针对政府系统的袭击。

 

　　The signal is clear: the cyber warfare is no science fiction anymore.

 

　　演习发出了一个明显的信号：网络战不再是科幻小说了。

 

　　The concept of cyber warfare first became popular after the cyber attacks on Estonia in 2007 and on Georgia in 2008. Since then, cyber espionage⁷ and cyber attacks have become a staple⁸ of conflict among nations.

 

　　在2007年爱沙尼亚和2008年格鲁吉亚相继遭到网络袭击之后，网络战的概念才首次受到关注。网络间谍和和袭击也开始成为国家间主要争端。

 

　　China has also been the victim of cyber attacks. Within the first month of its launch in 2009, the Ministry⁹ of Defense¹⁰ website was attacked more than 2 million times.

 

　　中国也曾遭到过类似的网络攻击。2009年，就在其发动的第一个月里，国防部的官方网站就被袭击了200多万次。

 

　　If such attacks are a mere¹¹ annoyance¹², then the recent computer worm Stuxnet represents the first use of a malicious¹³ program as an offensive weapon. It could mark a new and more threatening era for cyberspace.

 

　　如果说这类攻击只是骚扰的话，那么近来来“超级工厂蠕虫病毒”的大肆流行则表明，恶意程序已经开始成为具有攻击性的武器。这也许标志着新时代的网络空间将面对更多的威胁。

 

　　The worm has affected¹⁴ manufacturing and utility companies worldwide. Most of the systems infected are in Iran, and analysts¹⁵ have speculated that the worm was designed to cripple Iran’s Bushehr nuclear facility.

 

　　这种蠕虫病毒已经影响到了世界范围内企业的生产与运行活动。伊朗是感染这一病毒最多的国家，分析人士认为，这种蠕虫病毒的设计初衷，是造成伊朗布什尔核设施瘫痪。

 

　　Invisible weapons

 

　　无形的武器

 

　　According to James Lewis of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, cyber warfare is inevitable¹⁶.

 

　　来自于华盛顿国际战略研究中心的詹姆斯?刘易斯认为，网络战是不可避免的。

 

　　“We are in the same place as we were after the invention of the aeroplane,” he told UK newspaper the Guardian¹⁷. “It was inevitable someone would work out how to use planes to drop bombs. Militaries will now have a cyber-war capability¹⁸ in their arsenals¹⁹.”

 

　　面对英国《卫报》的采访时，他说，“我们现在的处境就像是最初发明飞机一样，（发明飞机是一件大好事），但是不可避免的，有人会利用飞机投炸弹。同样的，当代的军队将具有打网络战的能力。”

 

　　The damage will be difficult to reverse. Sami Saydjari, head of the Cyber Defense Agency, a US-based information security company, told CBS that a country’s sovereignty is at risk in the face of cyber attacks.

 

　　这种损失很难弥补。为美国政府提供安全顾问的网络防御机构主席，萨米·赛伊贾里对哥伦比亚广播公司说，国家主权正处于网络袭击的威胁之中。

 

　　“Basically, our whole superpower status as the United States depends on computers,” he was quoted as saying. “We lose them, we lose our status as a superpower. We become a Third World country overnight.”

 

　　“美国超级大国地位的基础是计算机，失去了它们，我们就不再是超级大国，我们甚至会在一夜间沦落为第三世界国家。”

 

　　UK newspaper The Daily Telegraph gave a more concrete scenario²⁰: “for just $50 million and with 600 people working for two years, the US could be ‘paralyzed’ by a cyber attack.”

 

　　英报《每日电讯》描绘了一幅更形象生动的场景：“只要有5千万美元，加上600个人不间断地工作两年，美国就会因为网络攻击而‘瘫痪’。”

 

　　Along with the growth of the threat, a number of political, technological²¹ and ethical²² questions arise. In what sense could a cyber attack be war? Should we look at cyber weapons as those of mass destruction?

 

　　随着威胁的日趋增长，许多政治、技术和道德上的问题涌现出来。什么程度的网络袭击可以被称为战争呢？是否应该将网络攻击看作是大规模杀伤性武器呢？

 

　　Before we can answer questions like these, an international agreement is needed to limit cyber attacks. Through a UN working group, countries including the US, China and Russia have taken initial steps to devise some ground rules for cyber crime and cyber warfare.

 

　　回答这些问题之前，我们需要有一个国际协定来制约网络攻击。包括美国、中国和俄罗斯在内的一个联合国工作组，已经率先对于网络犯罪和网络战的基本规则进行设计。

 

　　A bigger concern is: when will the currently tightly-controlled cyber weapons fall into the hands of terrorists?

 

　　然而，更大的忧虑是：现在还被严密控制的网络武器，一旦落到恐怖分子手中会产生怎样的结果呢？

1 cyberspace   

n.虚拟信息空间，网络空间，计算机化世界

参考例句：

• She travels in cyberspace by sending messages to friends around the world.她利用电子空间给世界各地的朋友们发送信件。
• The teens spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.青少年花费在电脑上的时间比他们和真正的朋友及家人在一起的时间要多。

2 grids   

n.格子( grid的名词复数 )；地图上的坐标方格；（输电线路、天然气管道等的）系统网络；（汽车比赛）赛车起跑线

参考例句：

• Typical framed structures are beams, grids, plane and space frames or trusses. 典型构架结构为梁、格栅、平面的和空间的框架或桁架。 来自辞典例句
• The machines deliver trimmed grids for use or stock. 这种机器铸出修整过的板栅，以供使用或储存。 来自辞典例句

3 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

4 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

5 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

6 biennial   

adj.两年一次的

参考例句：

• The workers were strongly against the biennial election.工人们强烈反对两年一次的选举。
• His is a biennial,and one of the most useful pasture plants we have.这是两年生植物，也是我们最有用的牧草之一。

7 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

8 staple   

n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类

参考例句：

• Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
• Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。

9 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

10 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

11 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

12 annoyance   

n.恼怒，生气，烦恼

参考例句：

• Why do you always take your annoyance out on me?为什么你不高兴时总是对我出气？
• I felt annoyance at being teased.我恼恨别人取笑我。

13 malicious   

adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的

参考例句：

• You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。
• Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。

14 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

15 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

16 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

17 guardian   

n.监护人；守卫者，保护者

参考例句：

• The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。
• The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。

18 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

19 arsenals   

n.兵工厂，军火库( arsenal的名词复数 )；任何事物的集成

参考例句：

• We possess-each of us-nuclear arsenals capable of annihilating humanity. 我们两国都拥有能够毁灭全人类的核武库。 来自辞典例句
• Arsenals are factories that produce weapons. 军工厂是生产武器的工厂。 来自互联网

20 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

21 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

22 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。