实用语法--句子成分

 　　句子成分

　　1. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

　　例：Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

　　Is it yours?(代词)

　　The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

　　The speech¹ is exciting.(分词)

　　Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

　　His job is to teach English.(不定式)

　　His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

　　The machine² must be out of order³.(介词短语)

　　Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

　　The truth⁴ is that he has never been abroad⁵.(表语从句)

　　2. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

　　例：

　　His father named him Dongming.(名词)

　　They painted their boat white.(形容词)

　　Let the fresh⁶ air in.(副词)

　　You mustn’t force⁷ him to lend⁸ his money to you.(不定式短语)

　　We saw⁹ her entering¹⁰ the room.(现在分词)

　　We found¹¹ everything in the lab¹² in good order.(介词短语)

　　We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

　　3. 英语五种基本句型列式如下：

　　基本句型一：SV(主+谓)

　　基本句型二：SVP(主+系+表)

　　基本句型三：SVO(主+谓+宾)

　　基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

　　基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

　　基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

　　Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.

　　基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

　　He painted the wall white.

1 speech   

n.讲话，演说

参考例句：

• I did not lose a word of his speech.他的演说我没有听漏一个字。
• We were listening in to the Prime Minister's speech.我们正在收音机旁听首相的广播演说。

2 machine   

n.机器，机械装置，机械般工作的人；v.以机器制造；（计算机）机器

参考例句：

• I can't guess how to control the machine.我猜不出来怎样操作那台机器。
• This kind of machine is out of date.这种机器过时了。

3 order   

n.订单；命令；n.顺序，整齐；勋章；阶级，决议；vt.命令； 调整；定购

参考例句：

• His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
• You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。

4 truth   

n.真理；真相，事实，实际情况

参考例句：

• We must find out the truth of the matter.我们必须弄清楚事情的真相。
• You may trust me that I'm speaking the truth.你可以相信我在说实话。

5 abroad   

adj.在国外，海外(一般作表语)；adv.到国外，在国外

参考例句：

• I just got back from abroad.我刚从国外回来。
• He goes abroad every year.他每年都到国外去。

6 fresh   

adj.新鲜的；无经验的；淡(水)的；精神饱满的；纯洁无瑕的；生动的；adv.最近地；n.涌流

参考例句：

• The air is quite fresh there.那儿的空气很清新。
• Have you got fresh news?你有最新的消息吗？

7 force   

n.力量，武力，影响力；v.强迫，强夺，加压力；[计算机]强制

参考例句：

• I don't hold with the use of force.我不赞成使用武力。
• We had to use force to get into the house.我们不得不强行进屋。

8 lend   

v.把…借给；借给

参考例句：

• Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗？
• They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。

9 saw   

vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯

参考例句：

• Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
• The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。

10 entering   

v.进入( enter的现在分词 )；进去；参加；登记

参考例句：

• Spacecraft which are re-entering the earth's atmosphere are affected by g forces. 重返大气层的航天器受到重力的作用。
• On entering his house, we at once perceived him to be tasteful. 我们一进他的房子，立刻感觉到他是个高品位的人。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 found   

v.建立，创立，创办；vbl.(find的过去分词)找到

参考例句：

• I found him at home.我发现他在家。
• The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。

12 lab   

n.实验室

参考例句：

• Who is in the lab this morning?今天早上谁在实验室？
• We usually have Science in the science lab.我们通常在科学实验室里上科学课。