英语常见错误B系列之三

 　　big

　　[误] There was¹ a big rain last night.

　　[正] There was a heavy rain last night.

　　[析] 大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.

　　bit²

　　[误] He is a bit fool³.

　　[正] He is a bit of a fool.

　　[析] a bit可以作程度副词，与a little相同，但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如：

　　-Do you mind⁴ if I open the door?

　　-Not a bit.

　　black

　　[误] The children became⁵ black after swimming in the sea.

　　[正] The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.

　　[析] 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark⁶.

　　[误] The girl has black eyes and black

　　hair

　　[正] The girl has dark eyes and black hair.

　　[析] 英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。

　　[误] The Europeans⁷ like red tea.

　　[正] The Europeans like black tea.

　　[析] 红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有：black and blue(鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块);blackandwhite(黑白电视片)。go black意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";look black意为"情况不妙，前景暗淡"。如：After the fight⁸ he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and blackandwhite for others⁹.

　　body

　　[误] Going¹⁰ to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.

　　[正] Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health¹¹.

　　[析] 中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。

　　borrow¹²

　　[误] May I lend¹³ some books from the library?

　　[正] May I borrow some books from the library?

　　[误] How long can I borrow it?

　　[正] How long can I keep it?

　　[析] 英语中有三个词都可译为"借"，但意义各不相同如："借入"是borrow，其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody¹⁴，这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如：Could¹⁵ you lend us your dictionary¹⁶?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如：You can keep it for three days.

　　born¹⁷ (bear的过去分词)

　　[误] I born in Shanghai.

　　[正] I was born in Shanghai.

　　[误] He was born from Greek¹⁸ parents.

　　[正] He was born of Greek parents.

　　[析] "出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family.

　　both

　　[误] They both are students.

　　[正] They are both students.

　　[误] They refuse both to answer this question.

　　[正] They both refuse to answer this question.

　　[析] both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。

　　[误] I know his both parents.

　　[正] I know both his parents.

　　[误] The both brothers were students.

　　[正] Both the brothers were students.

　　[正] Both brothers were students.

　　[析] 当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。

　　[误] Both of my parents are not at home.

　　[正] Neither¹⁹ of my parents are at home.

　　[误] Both of your answers are not right.

　　[正] Neither of your answers is right.

　　[正] Both your answers are wrong.

　　[析] both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either²⁰则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)

1 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

2 bit   

n.一点儿，少量；钻头；马嚼子；辅币，位，比特(二进位制信息单位)；v.控制

参考例句：

• I'm just going out for a bit.我正打算出去一会儿。
• When did you change the bit?什么时候换的钻头？

3 fool   

n.愚人，受骗者，奶油拌水果；vt.愚弄，欺骗，浪费；vi.干傻事，开玩笑

参考例句：

• He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻，花光了所有的钱。
• Some people act the fool now and then.有些人时常装傻。

4 mind   

n.思想，主意，心意；v.介意，照顾，留心

参考例句：

• I've changed my mind.我一经转变主意。
• You really don't mind?你真的不介意？

5 became   

v.(become的过去式)成为

参考例句：

• He became a doctor at the age of 27.他27岁时成了一名医生。
• He became a millionaire when he was still young.他还年轻时就成了百万富翁。

6 dark   

adj.黑色的；暗的；黑暗的

参考例句：

• The night is too dark for us to see.夜间太暗，我们看不见。
• The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.月亮出来时，天空是深蓝色的，非常晴朗。

7 Europeans   

n.欧洲人( European的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Europeans take melons for a preventive against seasickness. 欧洲人吃瓜作为预防晕船的方法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Europeans and Jews do not readily assimilate. 欧洲人和犹太人不易同化。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 fight   

n.打架，战斗，斗志；v.对抗，打架

参考例句：

• We are ready to fight again.我们再度准备好战斗。
• I'll fight with you.我会和你并肩作战。

9 others   

prep.(pl.)另外的人

参考例句：

• Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
• She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。

10 going   

n.去，离去，地面(或道路)的状况，工作情况；(复数形式）goings: 行为；adj.进行中的，流行的，现存的

参考例句：

• We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
• He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。

11 health   

n.健康；健康状况

参考例句：

• Are you in good health?你的身体好吗？
• I wish you good health and a long life.祝您健康长寿。

12 borrow   

vt.借，借入，借用；vi.借

参考例句：

• Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗？
• You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。

13 lend   

v.把…借给；借给

参考例句：

• Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗？
• They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。

14 somebody   

n.重要人物；pron.某人，有人

参考例句：

• Somebody is using the computer.有人在用电脑。
• He seems to be somebody.他似乎是个重要人物。

15 could   

v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以

参考例句：

• Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
• I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。

16 dictionary   

n.词典，字典，辞典

参考例句：

• I have a new dictionary.我有一本新字典。
• This is a very good dictionary.这是一本非常好的词典。

17 born   

v.动词bear的过去分词；adj.出生的，与生俱来的

参考例句：

• The baby can cry as soon as he is born.婴儿生下来就会哭。
• I feel as if I had been born again.我有一种再生之感。

18 Greek   

adj.希腊(人)的，希腊语的；n.希腊人；希腊语

参考例句：

• The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。
• Delta is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.δ是希腊字母中的第四个字母。

19 neither   

adj.皆不，两不；int.两者都不；conj.既非，既不

参考例句：

• I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
• He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。

20 either   

adj.任一，两方的；prep.任一，随便任一个；conj.或，也

参考例句：

• I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书，你要哪一本都可以。
• I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。