成功人士S.M.A.R.T.法则的五个标准

 　　Successful people are objective. They have realistic targets in mind. They know what they are looking for and why they are fighting for it. Successful people create and pursue S.M.A.R.T. goals.

　　成功人士的目标比较客观现实。他们知道自己追求的是什么，也知道为什么要这么做。成功人士制定和实施自己的目标都是根据S.M.A.R.T.法则来完成的。

　　S.M.A.R.T. goals are Specific, Measurable, Attainable², Relevant, and Timely. Let’s briefly³ review each:

　　S.M.A.R.T.法则要求所制定的目标要达到五个标准：明确性、衡量性、可实现性、相关性和时限性。

　　Specific– A general goal would be, “Get in shape.” But a related specific goal would be, “Join a health club and workout 3 days a week for the next 52 weeks.” A specific goal has a far greater chance of being accomplished⁴ because it has defined parameters⁵ and constraints⁶.

　　明确性——“恢复身材”，这就是一个笼统的目标。一个有明确性的目标应该这样表述，“每周去三次健身俱乐部健身，持续52周”。一个明确的目标完成的几率更大，因为它已经确定了具体的参数和限制条件。

　　Measurable– There must be a logical system for measuring the progress of a goal. To determine if your goal is measurable, ask yourself questions like: How much time? How many total? How will I know when the goal is accomplished? etc. When you measure your progress, you stay on track, reach your target dates, and experience the exhilaration of achievement that spurs you on to continued efforts required to reach your goal.

　　衡量性——目标一定要有一个可以衡量其进程的逻辑体系。怎样才能确定你的目标是不是具有衡量性呢？你可以问自己以下几个问题：要花多少时间？一共有多少？我怎样才能知道目标已经完成了？等等。当你在衡量进程的时候，你就可以控制目标完成的情况，每次完成了进程中的一个小目标就会带给你成就感，促使你更加努力地去完成既定目标。

　　Attainable–To be attainable, a goal must represent an objective toward which you are both willing and able to work. In other words, the goal must be realistic. The big question here is: How can the goal be accomplished?

　　可实现性——所制定的目标一定是要可以实现的，你的目标要客观，要是你能力范围内可以达到的。换句话说，目标要现实。你可以问问自己这个问题：怎样才能完成目标呢？

　　Relevant– Relevance⁷ stresses the importance of choosing goals that matter. For example, an internet entrepreneur’s goal to “Make 75 tuna sandwiches by 2:00PM.” may be Specific, Measurable, and Attainable, but lacks Relevance to an entrepreneurs overarching objective of building a profitable online business.

　　相关性——相关性对选择目标来说至关重要。打个比方，一家网店的目标是“在下午两点之前卖出75个金枪鱼三明治”。这个目标够具体，也可以衡量，还具有可实现性，但是不具有相关性，因为对于一家网店的创业者来说，他的目标应该是如何通过在线交易来获利。

　　Timely– A goal must be grounded within a time frame, giving the goal a target date. A commitment to a deadline helps you focus your efforts on the completion of the goal on or before the due date. This part of the S.M.A.R.T. goal criteria⁸ is intended to prevent goals from being overtaken by daily distractions⁹.

　　时限性——制定的目标必须要在一个时间范围内完成，给你的目标一个确定的完成时间，这会有助于你集中精力完成目标。时限性的要求可以帮助你避免因为日常琐事而耽误了你完成目标的进度。

　　When you identify S.M.A.R.T. goals that are truly important to you, you become motivated to figure out ways to attain¹ them. Goals that once seemed far away and out of reach eventually move closer and become attainable, not because your goals shrink, but because you grow and expand to match them.

　　一旦你意识到了S.M.A.R.T.法则的重要性时，你就会更积极地去实现你的目标。那些原本看上去遥不可及的目标最终会变得唾手可得，不是因为你的目标变小了，而是因为你知道了如何去达到目标。

1 attain   

vt.达到，获得，完成

参考例句：

• I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
• His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。

2 attainable   

a.可达到的，可获得的

参考例句：

• They set the limits of performance attainable. 它们确定着可达到的运行限度。
• If objectives are to be meaningful to people, they must be clear, attainable, actionable, and verifiable. 如果目标对人们是具有意义的，则目标必须是清晰的，能达到的，可以行动的，以及可供检验的。

3 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

4 accomplished   

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

• Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
• Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

5 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。

6 constraints   

强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

7 relevance   

n.中肯，适当，关联，相关性

参考例句：

• Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
• Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。

8 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

9 distractions   

n.使人分心的事[人]( distraction的名词复数 )；娱乐，消遣；心烦意乱；精神错乱

参考例句：

• I find it hard to work at home because there are too many distractions. 我发觉在家里工作很难，因为使人分心的事太多。
• There are too many distractions here to work properly. 这里叫人分心的事太多，使人无法好好工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》