健康生活:巧克力蛋糕当早餐能减肥?

 　　As a recipe for losing weight, tucking into a slice of chocolate cake at breakfast would seem an unlikely fantasy.

　　每天早餐进食一大块巧克力蛋糕，还把这当成减肥的方法。你说，这有可能吗？

　　But a full breakfast that includes a sweet treat really can contribute to weight loss success, researchers claim.

　　然而，有研究者表示，一份包括甜点的完整早餐真的能减肥。

　　A team from Tel Aviv University found that eating pudding as part of a balanced 600-calorie breakfast that also includes proteins and carbohydrates², can help dieters to lose more weight - and keep it off in the long run.

　　特拉维夫大学的一个研究小组发现，将600卡路里均衡早餐（包括蛋白质和碳水化合物）中加入布丁时，减肥者能减去更多的体重，并将长期坚持下去。

　　The key is to indulge in the morning, when the body's metabolism³ is at its most active and we are better able to work off the extra calories throughout the day, according to Professor Daniela Jakubowicz and her team.

　　根据丹妮拉·札库伯维兹博士和她的小组研究，关键在于，早上放开吃吧——早晨身体的新陈代谢活跃度最高，这时候我们能更好地消耗掉一天中多余的卡路里。

　　Attempting to avoid sweets entirely⁴ can create a psychological addiction⁵ to these same foods in the long-term, she said. So adding dessert items to breakfast can control cravings throughout the rest of the day.

　　札库伯维兹博士表示，当你尝试拒绝甜点，长久下去，你会对甜点产生心瘾。因此，在早餐中加入甜点，那一天中的其余时间里，你都不会对着甜品嘴馋。

　　Over the course of a 32 week-long study, detailed⁶ in the journal Steroids, participants who added dessert to their breakfast - cookies, cake, or chocolate - lost an average of 40lbs more than a group that avoided such foods. What's more, they kept off the pounds longer.

　　《类固醇日报》的文章写道，在这个32周的研究中，在早餐中进食甜点（曲奇、蛋糕和巧克力）的实验者，比没有进食甜点的实验者平均多减去了40磅的体重。另外，前者的体重在长时间内一直处于保持状态。

　　A meal in the morning provides energy for the day's tasks, aids in brain functioning, and kick-starts the body's metabolism, making it crucial for weight loss and maintenance.

　　早餐能为人体提供能量，利于大脑运转，同时启动人体的新陈代谢机能，在减肥和维持身体机能方面有着重要意义。

　　And breakfast is the meal that most successfully regulates ghrelin, the hormone⁷ that increases hunger, explains Professor Jakubowicz.

　　札库伯维兹博士解释，早餐能有效调节增加饥饿感的胃饥饿激素。

　　While the level of ghrelin rises before every meal, it is suppressed most effectively at breakfast time.

　　胃饥饿素在进餐前会有所提高，但在早餐时间能有效抑制。

　　One hundred and ninety three clinically obese⁸, non-diabetic adults were randomly⁹ assigned to one of two diet groups with identical caloric intake¹⁰ - the men consumed 1600 calories per day and the women 1400.

　　患有临床肥胖症的193名非糖尿病成年患者随机分配到两个摄入相同热量的饮食组——男性每天摄入1600卡路里，女性每天摄入1400卡路里。

　　However, the first group was given a low carbohydrate¹ diet including a small 300 calorie breakfast, and the second was given a 600 calorie breakfast high in protein and carbohydrates, always including a dessert item (i.e. chocolate).

　　然而，研究人员为第一组准备了300卡路里早餐的低碳水化合物早餐食谱，而第二组则是600卡路里包括蛋白质、碳水化合物和甜品项（例如巧克力）的早餐。

　　Halfway¹¹ through the study, participants in both groups had lost an average of 33lbs per person. But in the second half of the study, results differed drastically. The participants in the low-carbohydrate group regained¹² an average of 22lbs per person, but participants in the group with a larger breakfast lost another 15lbs each.

　　实验进行到一半时，两组的实验者平均每人减去33磅的体重。当实验继续进行下去时，结果却大大不同。低碳水化合物的小组平均每人体重反弹了22磅，而摄入丰富早餐的小组平均每人又减去了15磅。

　　At the end of the 32 weeks, those who had consumed a 600-calorie breakfast had lost an average of 40lbs more per person than their peers.

　　32周实验结束时，相比另一组，摄入600卡路里早餐的小组平均每人减去了40磅。

　　One of the biggest challenges that people face is keeping weight off in the long-term, says Professor Jakubowicz. Ingesting a higher proportion of our daily calories at breakfast makes sense. It's not only good for body function, but it also alleviates¹³ cravings.

　　札库伯维兹博士表示，人们要面对的一个最大的挑战，就是要长期减肥。所以，人们要在早餐中摄入一天中最多的卡路里，这是有科学研究的。这不仅能利于身体机能的运转，也能减少人们对甜品的渴望度。

　　Highly restrictive diets that forbid desserts and carbohydrates are initially¹⁴ effective, but often cause dieters to stray from their food plans as a result of withdrawal-like symptoms. They end up regaining¹⁵ much of the weight they lost during the diet proper.

　　最初，对甜品和碳水化合物的高度限制能起一定作用，但长久之下，节食者会因戒断症状而抛弃自己的饮食计划，最终，他们的体重反弹，并抛弃了恰当的饮食方式。

　　Professor Jakubowicz said that although they consumed the same daily amount of calories, 'the participants in the low carbohydrate diet group had less satisfaction, and felt that they were not full'. She said that their cravings for sugars and carbohydrates were more intense and eventually caused them to cheat on the diet plan.

　　札库伯维兹博士表示，尽管两组人都消耗同样的日常卡路里，但是，“低卡路里摄入的小组实验人员获不到满足感，他们总是觉得肚子饿”。 札库伯维兹博士还说道，低卡路里摄入小组的实验者对糖分和碳水化合物的渴求度越来越高，到最后，他们会不遵守原来的饮食计划。

　　"But the group that consumed a bigger breakfast, including dessert, experienced few if any cravings for these foods later in the day."

　　“然而，摄入丰盛早餐（包括甜品）的小组人员在一天的其余时间里都不会对食物那么嘴馋。”

　　Ultimately, this shows that a diet must be realistic to be adopted as part of a new lifestyle. Curbing¹⁶ cravings is better than deprivation¹⁷ for weight loss success, the team concluded.

　　最终研究表明，饮食计划必须是现实可行的，还需作为新生活方式的一部分而被接受。小组得出的结论是，抑制饮食渴望要比剥夺减肥成功好得多。

1 carbohydrate   

n.碳水化合物；糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类

参考例句：

• You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet.你日常饮食中不该有过多碳水化合物。
• Cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrate.腰果含丰富碳水化合物。

2 carbohydrates   

n.碳水化合物，糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 )；淀粉质或糖类食物

参考例句：

• The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句

3 metabolism   

n.新陈代谢

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。

4 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

5 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

6 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

7 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

8 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

9 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句

10 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

11 halfway   

adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途

参考例句：

• We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
• In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。

12 regained   

复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地

参考例句：

• The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上大多数人已重获自由。
• She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise. 她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。

13 alleviates   

减轻，缓解，缓和( alleviate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Heat often alleviates pain. 热常常能减缓疼痛。
• A cold compress often alleviates pain. 冷敷常会减轻疼痛。

14 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

15 regaining   

复得( regain的现在分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地

参考例句：

• She was regaining consciousness now, but the fear was coming with her. 现在她正在恢发她的知觉，但是恐怖也就伴随着来了。
• She said briefly, regaining her will with a click. 她干脆地答道，又马上重新振作起精神来。

16 curbing   

n.边石，边石的材料v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Progress has been made in curbing inflation. 在控制通货膨胀方面已取得了进展。
• A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。

17 deprivation   

n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困

参考例句：

• Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
• Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。