健康生活:抗药性肺结核病蔓延

 　　This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

　　这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

　　In December, doctors in Mumbai, India, reported about a group of patients with what they called "totally drug-resistant" tuberculosis¹. Indian health officials have been investigating these cases. But there have been reports of untreatable cases of TB in the past. Doctors reported fifteen patients in Iran in two thousand nine and two patients in Italy in two thousand seven.

　　12月，印度孟买的医生报告了一组他们所谓的“完全抗药性”肺结核病人。印度卫生官员一直在调查这些病例。但过去也出现过无法治疗的肺结核病例报告。2009年伊朗报告了15名病人，2007年意大利报告了2名病人。

　　Tuberculosis is a bacterial² disease that usually targets the lungs. It causes an estimated five thousand deaths each day, or about two million a year.

　　结核病是一种目标通常为肺的细菌性疾病。每天预计会导致5000人死亡，或大约200万每年。

　　TB can be spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes or even speaks.

　　结核病可以在感染人群咳嗽、打喷嚏甚至说话时通过空气传播。

　　Some forms of TB bacteria no longer react to one or more of the antibiotics³ commonly used to cure the disease. These are known as drug-resistant strains. Some resist even more drugs. The World Health Organization says sixty-nine countries have reported cases of "extensively drug-resistant" tuberculosis. The WHO says at least twenty-five thousand such cases are reported worldwide every year.

　　某些形式的结核病菌已经对通常用来治疗这种疾病的一种或多种抗生素不再发生反应，这被称为“耐药菌株”。一些病菌甚至可以抵抗更多药物。世界卫生组织表示，已经有69个国家报告了“广泛耐药性”的结核病。世界卫生组织称每年全球范围内至少有2500例这样的病例报告。

　　The agency's director-general, Dr. Margaret Chan, is concerned about the spread of drug-resistant TB.

　　该机构总干事陈冯富珍博士对耐药性结核病的蔓延很是担忧。

　　MARGARET CHAN: "Call it what you may, a time bomb or a powder keg. Any way you look at it, this is a potentially explosive situation."

　　陈冯富珍：“你可以称之为时间炸弹或火药桶。不管你怎么看，这都是一种潜在爆炸性局势。”

　　Officials say drug-resistant TB has been a growing problem in countries like India and China. In many cases, doctors misdiagnose patients or give them the wrong treatment or not enough treatment. Misuse⁴ of these antibiotics increases the danger that the bacteria will develop resistance to them.

　　有关官员表示，耐药性结核病已经成为印度和中国等国家日益严重的问题。在许多情况下，医生会误诊患者，或对患者错误治疗，或者治疗不当。滥用抗生素增加了细菌对这些抗生素产生耐药性的风险。

　　Neeraj Mistry is a public health doctor. He says surveys show that very few Indian doctors are treating TB patients with the right drugs for the right length of time. Another problem is that patients may not take all of their medicine.

　　Neeraj Mistry是一名公共卫生医生。他说，调查表明，很少有印度医生针对患病时间长短采用正确的药物来治疗结核病患者。另一个问题是，病人可能没有服用医生所开的全部药物。

　　NEERAJ MISTRY: "The emergence⁵ of totally-resistant TB is a result of failed public health intervention⁶ strategies. When we deliver ineffective treatment regimens and when we don't have full adherence⁷ and compliance⁸ to treatment, it enables the emergence of resistance within the individual."

　　NEERAJ MISTRY：“完全抗药性结核病的出现是公共卫生干预策略失败的结果。当我们提供无效的治疗方案，当我们没有完全遵守或配合治疗，就会使得个体抗药性的出现成为可能。”

　　The WHO says new, stronger TB drugs could be available by the end of this year or early twenty-thirteen.

　　世界卫生组织表示，今年年底或2013年新的更强的抗结核病药物可能会投入使用。

　　Researchers are also working on vaccines¹⁰ to prevent the disease. Dr. Ann Ginsberg works at the Aeras Global TB Vaccine⁹ Foundation. She says the development process takes a long time, partly because people often do not get sick for years after getting infected with TB.

　　研究人员还致力于预防这种疾病的疫苗。Ann Ginsberg博士在AERAS肺结核疫苗基金会工作。她表示疫苗开发过程需要很长时间，部分原因是因为人们感染肺结核多年后才会发病。

　　ANN GINSBERG: "So when you do a vaccine trial, you have to vaccinate¹¹ people and watch them for years."

　　ANN GINSBERG：“所以当你进行疫苗试验时，你必须对人们进行疫苗接种并观察多年。”

1 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

2 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

3 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

4 misuse   

n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用

参考例句：

• It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
• He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。

5 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

6 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

7 adherence   

n.信奉，依附，坚持，固着

参考例句：

• He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
• The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。

8 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

9 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

10 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

11 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。