类似to my joy短语的语法分析

 　　类似to my joy结构的语法分析

　　“to +one’s+情感名词”是英语中一个十分有用的结构，主要表示某人由于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感，通常译为“令某人……的是”“使某人感到……的是”。这类结构在学习时应弄清以下几个方面。

　　一、该结构主要适用哪些名词

　　能用于该结构的名词非常有限，常见的有 admiration(羡慕), amazement¹(惊奇), amusement(娱乐), annoyance²(烦恼), astonishment³ (惊奇), delight(欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment⁴(难堪), happiness, horror(恐怖), joy(高兴), puzzlement(疑惑), regret(遗憾), relief(放心), satisfaction(满意), shame(羞愧), sorrow(悲伤), surprise(惊讶)等。如：

　　To my amazement, he arrived on time. 令我惊异的是，他居然准时赶到了。

　　To my great amusement his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉了下来。

　　To his annoyance, he discovered they hadn’t waited. 他发现他们没有等他而感到十分烦恼。

　　To his no small astonishment the woman began to laugh. 使他吃惊不小的是这个女人竟开始笑了起来。

　　To her embarrassment, she couldn’t remember his name. 令她感到困窘的是，她记不起他的名字了。

　　To my shame I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未表示过感谢。

　　注：有时可将两个名词并列使用。如：

　　To her surprise and joy, she was awarded first prize. 使她又惊又喜的是，她获得了一等奖。

　　To her great disappointment and annoyance, she failed in the English examination again. 使她极为失望和苦恼的是，她的英语考试又没有及格。

　　二、如何强调该结构的语气

　　若要加强该结构的语气，通常有两种方式：

　　1. 在名词前加 great, deep, utter 等形容词修饰。如：

　　To our great delight the day turned out fine. 使我们感到十分高兴的是，天气转晴了。

　　To my great disappointment I failed to get the job. 我没得到那份工作，大为失望。

　　To his great disappointment, she wasn’t on the train. 令他大大失望的是她不在那列火车上。

　　To my utter delight he lent me the money I needed. 使我十分高兴的是，他借给了我需要的钱。

　　To my deep indignation, he pretended not to know about it. 使我十分愤慨的是，他假装不了解此事。

　　2. 在整个短语前加副词greatly, much 等修饰。如：

　　Greatly to my regret, I cannot attend the party. 很可惜的是，我无法参加聚会。

　　He has succeeded, much to the delight of his parents. 他成功了，这使他父母都非常高兴。

　　Much to my surprise the door was unlocked. 使我大为吃惊的是，门没有锁。

　　Much to my regret I am unable to accept your invitation. 很抱歉，我不能接受你的邀请。

　　三、该结构在句中的位置

　　该结构通常位于句首，但有时也可位于句末，甚至句中。如：

　　He broke it, greatly to my annoyance. 他打破了那东西，这使我非常气恼。

　　I learned to my sorrow that he was killed in the accident. 我获悉他在事故中丧生而深感悲痛。

　　I discovered to my horror that my passport was missing. 使我惊恐的是，我发现我的护照不见了。

　　The work was done to his own satisfaction, but in my opinion it was badly done. 这工作他做得很满意，但在我看来，却是做得很糟。

　　四、该结构的变体

　　该结构通常的变体是“to the+情感名词+of sb”。如：

　　To the surprise of everybody the man was the girl’s father. 使大家吃惊的是，这个人就是这个女孩的父亲。

　　He fell in the water, much to the entertainment of the children. 他掉进水里，逗得孩子们乐不可支。

　　To the delight of his proud parents, he has made a full recovery. 令他自自豪的父母高兴的是，他完全恢复了。

1 amazement   

n.惊奇，惊讶

参考例句：

• All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
• He looked at me in blank amazement.他带着迷茫惊诧的神情望着我。

2 annoyance   

n.恼怒，生气，烦恼

参考例句：

• Why do you always take your annoyance out on me?为什么你不高兴时总是对我出气？
• I felt annoyance at being teased.我恼恨别人取笑我。

3 astonishment   

n.惊奇，惊异

参考例句：

• They heard him give a loud shout of astonishment.他们听见他惊奇地大叫一声。
• I was filled with astonishment at her strange action.我对她的奇怪举动不胜惊异。

4 embarrassment   

n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫

参考例句：

• She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。
• Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。