VOA慢速英语2019 艺术家用面具传播蒙古文化

Artist Spreads Mongolian Culture Using Masks

Gankhuyag Natsag, also known as Ganna, spends his time spreading Mongolian culture around the world. He does so by creating special masks. The masks are representations¹ of characters that appear in traditional Buddhist² dances known as Tsam. The Tsam tradition dates back to Tibet in the 600s.

甘库雅格·那撒格，又名甘纳，一直致力于将蒙古文化传播到世界各地。他通过制作特殊的面具来实现这一梦想。这些面具代表了传统佛教舞蹈中出现的人物形象。查玛舞蹈的传统可以追溯到公元600年的西藏。

It did not get to Mongolia until 1811. About 120 years later, the government of the former Soviet³ Union banned religious activities in Mongolia.

这种舞蹈直到1811年才传播到蒙古。大约120年后，前苏联的政府停止了蒙古的宗教活动。 

Ganna says the Soviets⁴ “destroyed more than 800 temples, including many Buddhist objects.” He added that a lot of masks were destroyed during that time. Only about 30 masks survived.

甘纳说，苏联“摧毁了800多座寺庙，还有许多佛教文物”。他还说，很多面具在那时被毁。只有大概30个面具幸存。

"I made the Old White Man mask in 1997. Then I decided⁵ to build 108 masks. It took me 10 years and I completed in 2007 all 108 Tsam dance masks."

“1997年，我制作了白面老人面具。之后我决定做108个面具。我花了10年，2007年，我完成了所有108个查玛舞蹈面具。”

Ganna was born in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. He came to the United States in 2002. He has been making Buddhist ritual⁶ dance masks for more than twenty years.

甘纳出生在蒙古首都乌兰巴托。他于2002年来到美国。他制作佛教舞蹈面具已有二十多年的历史。 

Each mask represents a different character and the part they play.

每个面具代表一个不同的角色和他们所表演的戏剧。 

Ganna said, "For example, the Old White Man gives people long life. He is knowledgeable⁷ and has wisdom to offer people. When I wear the mask, when I am dancing, I try to tell that story through my movements and dancing."

甘纳说:“例如，白面老人代表了长寿的人。他知识渊博，用智慧为人们服务。当我戴上面具跳舞的时候，我试着通过我的动作和舞蹈来讲述这个故事。”

While Ganna recreated the masks, his family and friends helped him by making the characters’ clothing.

甘纳重新制作面具的同时，他的家人和朋友也在帮他制作了各个角色的服装。 

He said, "My mother was a famous seamstress and my father was also a very artistic⁸ person. I learned⁹ a lot from them. I also studied art in school."

他说:“我的母亲是一个著名的女裁缝，我的父亲也是一个非常有艺术修养的人。我从他们身上学到了很多。我在学校也学过艺术。”

It takes Ganna one month to create a mask using clay and a material called papier-mache.

甘纳一个月才能用粘土和一种叫做纸糊的材料制作一个面具。 

He said, “It takes time. Sitting and making the mask, I think about the character of that mask peacefully inside."

他说：“做这个需要时间。坐着做面具时，我可以内心平静地思考面具的本质。” 

Ganna also created a music and dance group called Khan Bogd. The group has performed in more than 50 countries at celebrations, theaters and museums.

甘纳还创建了一个名为博格汗的音乐舞蹈团体。该乐队已经在50多个国家的庆祝活动、剧院和博物馆中演出。

"I would like to introduce Mongolian culture all over the world, through my art, through my masks. And that’s one of my biggest goals. We need to preserve our culture."

“我想通过我的艺术，通过我的面具，向全世界介绍蒙古文化。这是我最大的目标之一。我们需要保护我们的文化。”

Ganna has a dream project called the World Peace Pagoda¹⁰. He hopes to build large peace education centers, one in Mongolia and another near Washington, D.C.

甘纳有一个梦想工程，叫做世界和平塔。他希望在蒙古和华盛顿特区附近各建立一个大型和平教育中心。

He said, "If people are enjoyable and peaceful in themselves…outside our world will be peaceful."

他说:“如果人们本身是快乐平和的……那么外面的世界也将是和平的。” 

Words in This Story

decoration – n. something that is added to something else to make it more attractive

mask – n. a covering for your face or for part of your face

seamstress – n. a woman who sews clothes, curtains, etc., as a job

unique – adj. used to say that something or someone is unlike anything or anyone else

character – n. a person who appears in a story, book, play, movie, or television show

temple – n. a building for worship

1 representations   

n.陈述，投诉，抗议；表现( representation的名词复数 )；陈述；表现…的事物；有代理人

参考例句：

• Naturally, we tend to use old representations in our new environments. 同样很自然的，在新的环境里，我们习惯于采用旧的表达方式。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• They made representations to the college cook about the bad food. 他们向学校厨师抗议伙食太差。 来自辞典例句

2 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。

3 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

4 soviets   

苏维埃（Soviet的复数形式）

参考例句：

• A public challenge could provoke the Soviets to dig in. 公开挑战会促使苏联人一意孤行。
• The Soviets proposed the withdrawal of American ballistic-missile submarines from forward bases. 苏联人建议把美国的弹道导弹潜艇从前沿基地撤走。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 ritual   

adj.例行的，老规矩的，惯常的

参考例句：

• This was the monthly ritual.这是每月一次的例规。
• I realized that here the conventions required me to make the ritual noises.我意识到此时按照惯例我应该说些客套话。

7 knowledgeable   

adj.知识渊博的；有见识的

参考例句：

• He's quite knowledgeable about the theatre.他对戏剧很有心得。
• He made some knowledgeable remarks at the meeting.他在会上的发言颇有见地。

8 artistic   

adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的

参考例句：

• The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
• These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。

9 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

10 pagoda   

n.宝塔（尤指印度和远东的多层宝塔），（印度教或佛教的）塔式庙宇

参考例句：

• The ancient pagoda is undergoing repairs.那座古塔正在修缮中。
• The pagoda is reflected upside down in the water.宝塔影子倒立在水里。