VOA常速英语2019--帮助缓解美国移民危机的区域伙伴

August saw a precipitous decline in the number of people apprehended¹ by the United States at its southwest border. In August there was a 56 percent reduction from the peak in May: 64,000 in August from 144,000 in May.

8月，美国在其西南边境逮捕的人数急剧下降。8月份的失业人数比5月份的峰值减少了56%；从5月份的14.4万人减少到8月份的6.4万人。

U.S. Acting² Commissioner³ of Customs and Border Protection Mark Morgan credited the reduction to an “unprecedented⁴ network” of initiatives put in place by the Trump⁵ administration, including regulatory reforms, policy changes, and interior enforcement efforts.

美国海关和边境保护局代理专员马克·摩根将这一减少归功于特朗普政府实施的一系列前所未有的举措，包括监管改革、政策变化和内部执法努力。

But he also cited “the meaningful and unprecedented steps” taken by the government of Mexico. So far this year, he noted⁶, Mexico has apprehended approximately 134,000 people, a substantial increase from the 83,000 individuals it apprehended in 2018:

但他也提到了墨西哥政府银行采取的“有意义的、前所未有的措施”。他指出，今年到目前为止，墨西哥已经逮捕了大约13.4万人，比2018年逮捕的8.3万人大幅增加:

“In addition, since June, Mexico has deployed⁷ thousands of troops. They’ve created a new national guard within their country: 10,000 troops to the southern border; 15,000 troops to the northern border of the United States.”

“此外，自6月以来，墨西哥已经部署了数千名士兵。他们在国内建立了新的国民警卫队：向南部边境派遣1万名士兵；往美国北部边派遣15000名士兵。”

Mr. Morgan also cited the positive role played by Mexico’s support for the Migrant Protection Protocols⁸, or MPP. The MPP is a U.S. government initiative that enables migrants to wait in Mexico while their asylum⁹ cases are adjudicated in the United States. While the asylum claims are under review, Mexico provides the claimants with appropriate humanitarian¹⁰ protections.

摩根还提到了墨西哥对移民保护协议的支持所发挥的积极作用。移民保护协议是美国政府的一项倡议，允许移民在美国审理庇护案件期间在墨西哥等候。在审查庇护要求的同时，墨西哥向要求庇护者提供适当的人道主义保护。

The MPP frees up the limited resources of the U.S. government agencies that implement¹¹ the asylum system, allowing a more careful review of all applications, especially those presenting a potentially legitimate¹², merit-based claim. As per international law and norm, asylum claimants must establish that they have a credible¹³ fear of political persecution¹⁴ in their home country, based on one or more of the five protected categories: race, nationality, religion, political opinion, or membership of a particular social group.

移民保护协议解放了实施庇护制度的美国政府机构有限的资源，允许对所有申请进行更仔细的审查，特别是那些提出可能合法的、基于资质的申请。根据国际法和规范，庇护申请者必须根据五种受保护类别中的一种或多种，即种族、国籍、宗教、政治观点或某一特定社会群体的成员，确定他们确实害怕在本国受到政治迫害。

The governments of Central American countries have stepped up efforts to stem the surge of illegal migrants crossing the southwest border, as well. “In particular,” Acting Commissioner Morgan said, “the Northern Triangle countries, along with Mexico, have really joined the United States as true partners for the first time.” They are recognizing “that this is not just a United States problem, that this is a regional crisis that needs regional support and regional solutions.”

中美洲各国政府也加紧努力，遏制穿越西南边境的非法移民激增。“特别是，”代理专员摩根说，“北方三角地区的国家，连同墨西哥，第一次真正加入美国成为真正的伙伴。”他们认识到“这不仅仅是美国的问题，这是一个需要区域支持和区域解决方案的地区危机。”

Acting Commissioner Morgan noted that, while Mexico and the governments of the Northern Triangle have stepped up as partners, they must not only sustain their current efforts, but expand them.

代理专员摩根指出，虽然墨西哥和北部三角地区的政府已经加强了伙伴关系，但它们不仅必须维持目前的努力，而且必须扩大。

He warned, however, that the United States cannot rely solely¹⁵ on foreign partners to solve the “pull factors” created by the broken U.S. immigration system. It is imperative¹⁶ that U.S. laws be changed. “Congress,” Mr. Morgan said, “must absolutely act to pass meaningful legislation to address the loopholes in our current system, if we’re going to have a durable¹⁷, lasting¹⁸ solution to this crisis.”

然而，他警告称，美国不能仅仅依靠外国伙伴来解决美国支离破碎的移民体系造成的“牵引力因素”。美国法律必须修改。摩根说，“如果我们想要对这场危机有一个持久的解决方案，国会绝对必须采取行动，通过有意义的立法，解决我们当前体系中的漏洞。”

1 apprehended   

逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解

参考例句：

• She apprehended the complicated law very quickly. 她很快理解了复杂的法律。
• The police apprehended the criminal. 警察逮捕了罪犯。

2 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

3 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

4 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

7 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

8 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

9 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

10 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

11 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

12 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

13 credible   

adj.可信任的，可靠的

参考例句：

• The news report is hardly credible.这则新闻报道令人难以置信。
• Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法？

14 persecution   

n. 迫害,烦扰

参考例句：

• He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
• Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。

15 solely   

adv.仅仅，唯一地

参考例句：

• Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
• The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

16 imperative   

n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的

参考例句：

• He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
• The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。

17 durable   

adj.持久的，耐久的

参考例句：

• This raincoat is made of very durable material.这件雨衣是用非常耐用的料子做的。
• They frequently require more major durable purchases.他们经常需要购买耐用消费品。

18 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。