印度国会通过里程碑式税改法案

 　　India’s parliament has approved a long-awaited overhaul¹ of the country’s fragmented tax system to create a genuine single market in one of the most significant reforms to the Indian economy since liberalisation began 25 years ago.

　　印度国会已批准对该国碎片化的税收制度实施一场外界期待已久的彻底改革，以打造出一个真正的单一市场。这将是印度经济自25年前开放以来经历的最重大改革之一。

　　The bill, debated in New Delhi for almost a decade, will amend² the constitution to permit replacing the current patchwork³ of national, state and local levies⁴ with a single, unified⁵ value added tax system.

　　这项法案在新德里争论了将近十年，它将对宪法进行修改，允许用一个统一的增值税制度来取代目前由国税、邦税和地方税拼凑成的税制。

　　Economists⁶ believe modernising India’s existing antiquated⁷, inefficient⁸ tax system will significantly stimulate⁹ the economy, potentially adding 1.5 to 2 percentage points to GDP growth a year.

　　经济学家认为，对印度目前陈旧低效的税制进行现代化改革，将为印度经济带来显著的刺激，其国内生产总值(GDP)年增速可能因此提高1.5到2个百分点。

　　The new goods and services tax will also help Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s drive to promote Indian manufacturing by reducing the heavy burden of cascading¹⁰ taxes — or tax on tax — on locally made products.

　　新的商品服务税还有助于印度总理纳伦德拉?莫迪(Narendra Modi)推动印度制造业发展，因为它减轻了本地制造产品背负的沉重的级联税（即税上加税）负担。

　　“It’s a transformative change for the country,” said Naushad Forbes, president of the Confederation of Indian Industry and co-chairman of Forbes Marshall, which makes boilers¹¹ and industrial equipment.

　　印度工业联合会(Confederation of Indian Industry)主席、锅炉和工业设备生产商Forbes Marshall的联席董事长纳乌沙德?福布斯(Naushad Forbes)表示：“这是印度的一次变革。”

　　The new regime, in which companies can claim tax credits for tax already paid by their suppliers, is also expected to improve tax compliance¹², boosting government revenues in the long run. Industry groups say it will be far easier to transport goods between different Indian states, something that at present is a bureaucratic¹³ and logistical challenge.

　　新税制——企业可就其供应商已缴纳的税申请税收抵免——还有望改善税务合规，长远来说可增加政府收入。行业组织表示这将极大地方便印度各邦间的货物运输，目前这种运输因官僚体制和物流问题面临很大困难。

　　The benefits will also be cheered by foreign companies such as Japanese and western carmakers, and brands including Ikea, H&M, Gap and Zara, which now sell their goods to Indian consumers.

　　此次税改带来的好处还将受到外国企业的欢迎，比如日本和西方汽车制造商、以及现在向印度消费者销售产品的宜家(Ikea)、H&M、Gap和Zara等品牌。

 

1 overhaul   

v./n.大修，仔细检查

参考例句：

• Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。
• It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

2 amend   

vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿

参考例句：

• The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
• You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。

3 patchwork   

n.混杂物；拼缝物

参考例句：

• That proposal is nothing else other than a patchwork.那个建议只是一个大杂烩而已。
• She patched new cloth to the old coat,so It'seemed mere patchwork. 她把新布初到那件旧上衣上，所以那件衣服看上去就象拼凑起来的东西。

4 levies   

（部队）征兵( levy的名词复数 )； 募捐； 被征募的军队

参考例句：

• At that time, taxes and levies were as many as the hairs on an ox. 那时，苛捐杂税多如牛毛。
• Variable levies can insulate farmers and consumers from world markets. 差价进口税可以把农民和消费者与世界市场隔离开来。

5 unified   

(unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的

参考例句：

• The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
• The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。

6 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 antiquated   

adj.陈旧的，过时的

参考例句：

• Many factories are so antiquated they are not worth saving.很多工厂过于陈旧落后，已不值得挽救。
• A train of antiquated coaches was waiting for us at the siding.一列陈旧的火车在侧线上等着我们。

8 inefficient   

adj.效率低的，无效的

参考例句：

• The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。
• Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。

9 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

10 cascading   

流注( cascade的现在分词 )； 大量落下； 大量垂悬； 梯流

参考例句：

• First of all, cascading menus are to be avoided at all costs. 首先，无论如何都要避免使用级联菜单。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Her sounds began cascading gently. 他的声音开始缓缓地低落下来。

11 boilers   

锅炉，烧水器，水壶( boiler的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Even then the boilers often burst or came apart at the seams. 甚至那时的锅炉也经常从焊接处爆炸或裂开。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• The clean coal is sent to a crusher and the boilers. 干净的煤送入破碎机和锅炉。

12 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

13 bureaucratic   

adj.官僚的，繁文缛节的

参考例句：

• The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs.劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。
• In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil.在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔，也必须通过繁琐的手续。