2018年经济学人 民粹主义政策:对移民强硬是对是错(1)

 

Leaders

领导者

Left behind

落在后面

The right way to help places hurt by globalisation.

帮助受全球化伤害地区的正确之路。

Populism's wave has yet to crest¹.

民粹主义浪潮尚未达到高峰。

That is the sobering lesson of recent elections in Germany and Austria, where the success of anti-immigrant, anti-globalisation parties showed that a message of hostility² to elites³ and outsiders resonates as strongly as ever among those fed up with the status quo.

这是来自德国和奥地利的最近大选的令人深思的教训，那里的反移民、反全球化政党的成功表明，一种对于精英和外来者的敌意信息在不满现状的人群仍然如以前一样强烈地产生共鸣。

It is also the lesson from America, where Donald Trump⁴ is doubling down on gestures to his angry base, most recently by adopting a negotiating position on NAFTA that is more likely to wreck⁵ than remake the trade agreement.

这也是来自美国的教训，他们的川普正在加大对愤怒的票仓之姿态的赌注，最近的举措是在NAFAT（《北美自由贸易协定》）上采取了一种更有可能摧毁而不是重塑这一贸易协议的谈判立场。

These remedies will not work.

这些解决方案不会管用。

The demise⁶ of NAFTA will disproportionately hurt the blue-collar workers who back Mr.Trump.

NAFAT的死亡将不成比例地伤害支持川普的蓝领工人。

Getting tough on immigrants will do nothing to improve economic conditions in eastern Germany, where 20% of voters backed the far-right Alternative for Germany.

对移民强硬将丝毫不能改善德国东部的经济环境，那里20%的选民支持了德国选择党。

But the self-defeating nature of populist policies will not blunt their appeal.

但是，民粹主义政策这种自欺欺人的性质不会消弱它们的吸引力。

Mainstream⁷ parties must offer voters who feel left behind a better vision of the future, one that takes greater account of the geographical⁸ reality behind the politics of anger.

主流政党必须给觉得被落在后面的选民提供一种更好的未来愿景，一种更多地考虑到愤怒政治背后的地理现实的未来愿景。

Economic theory suggests that regional inequalities should diminish as poorer (and cheaper) places attract investment and grow faster than richer ones.

经济学理论认为，随着较为贫穷（和较为廉价的）地区吸引投资并比较为富裕的地区更快地增长，地区不平等应当逐渐消失。

The 20th century bore that theory out: income gaps narrowed across American states and European regions.

20世纪证实了这个理论：美国各州之间以及欧洲各国之间的收入差距缩小了。

No longer.

时移世易。

Affluent⁹ places are now pulling away from poorer ones.

如今，富足的地区正在撤离较为贫穷的地区。

This geographical divergence¹⁰ has dramatic consequences.

这种地理差异具有戏剧性的后果。

A child born in the bottom 20% in wealthy San Francisco has twice as much chance as a similar child in Detroit of ending up in the top 20% as an adult.

出生在富裕的旧金山底层五分之一的孩子有着两倍于出生在底特律的同样孩子在成年后跻身顶层五分之一的机会。

1 crest   

n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖

参考例句：

• The rooster bristled his crest.公鸡竖起了鸡冠。
• He reached the crest of the hill before dawn.他于黎明前到达山顶。

2 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

3 elites   

精华( elite的名词复数 )； 精锐； 上层集团； （统称）掌权人物

参考例句：

• The elites are by their nature a factor contributing to underdevelopment. 这些上层人物天生是助长欠发达的因素。
• Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders. 社会名流对天赋聪明、多才多艺的局外人一向嫌恶。

4 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

5 wreck   

n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难

参考例句：

• Weather may have been a factor in the wreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。
• No one can wreck the friendship between us.没有人能够破坏我们之间的友谊。

6 demise   

n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让

参考例句：

• He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
• The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。

7 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

8 geographical   

adj.地理的；地区(性)的

参考例句：

• The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
• These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。

9 affluent   

adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的

参考例句：

• He hails from an affluent background.他出身于一个富有的家庭。
• His parents were very affluent.他的父母很富裕。

10 divergence   

n.分歧，岔开

参考例句：

• There is no sure cure for this transatlantic divergence.没有什么灵丹妙药可以消除大西洋两岸的分歧。
• In short,it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values.总之，这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。