2018年经济学人 一周要闻 澳禁止华为中兴参与5G建设 史上最大IPO计划搁置 美零售业全面复苏

 

The world this week Business

本周要闻 经济

Greece exited its third and final bail-out programme, bringing an end to eight years of economic oversight¹ by the European Union and the IMF. Other countries in the euro zone were also rescued during the debt crisis, but none compared to Greece, which received 326bn euros ($378bn) in total emergency assistance. To service its huge debt pile, Greece has to achieve primary-budget surpluses far into the future, which will curb² state spending for years to come.

希腊退出了第三次也是最后一轮纾困计划，结束了欧盟和国际货币基金组织(IMF)长达8年的经济监管。虽然欧元区的其他国家在债务危机期间也获得救助,但无法与希腊总计获得的3260亿欧元(3780亿美元)的紧急贷款相比。为偿还巨额债务，希腊必须在未来很长一段时间内实现基本预算盈余，这将在未来几年抑制政府开支。

Qatar’s central bank signed a $3bn currency-swap arrangement with Turkey to provide “liquidity and support for financial stability”. The Turkish lira has taken a battering³ in recent weeks, in part because of a political spat⁴ with America that has resulted in sanctions on Turkish officials.

卡塔尔央行与土耳其签署了30亿美元的货币互换协议，为金融稳定提供“流动性和支持”。土耳其里拉近几周来遭受重创，部分原因是与美国的政治争端导致土耳其官员受到制裁。

The Saudi government denied a report that the proposed IPO of Aramco, the kingdom’s state-controlled oil company, has been shelved, insisting that it would go ahead when the conditions are right. Investors⁵ are losing faith in that commitment. The government has made little progress in bringing what would be the world’s biggest-ever IPO to market ever since the plan was first revealed in early 2016 and it is looking at other ways to boost state coffers.

有报道称，沙特国有石油公司沙特阿美(Aramco)拟议中的IPO计划被搁置，沙特政府对此予以否认，并坚称只要条件成熟将会继续进行。而投资者对这一承诺逐渐失去信心。自该计划于2016年初首次公布以来，沙特政府在推进这一全球史上规模最大的IPO上市方面几乎没有取得什么进展，政府正在寻找其它方式来充实国库。

Aiming high

力争上游

Target, an American retailer⁶ that two years ago was all but written off amid a slump⁷ in revenue and customers, reported its strongest growth in quarterly sales in 13 years. Customer traffic grew by 6.4% compared with the same period last year; digital sales soared by 41%. The company has restructured its business and redesigned its stores, but, like other retailers⁸, it is also profiting from America’s robust⁹ economy.

美国零售商塔吉特(Target)公布了13年来季度销售额最强劲的增长，两年前曾因收入和顾客锐减差点被注销。客户流量同比增长6.4%;数字产品销量飙升41%。公司已经进行了业务重组，重新装潢店铺，不过与其他零售商一样，它也从美国强劲的经济中获利。

Australia banned Huawei and ZTE, two Chinese makers¹⁰ of telecoms equipment, from participating in the country’s roll-out of 5G networks. Both companies also face severe restrictions¹¹ in America based on concerns that their ties to the Chinese government pose a threat to national security, concerns which the companies say are unfounded.

澳大利亚禁止中国通讯设备制造商华为(Huawei)和中兴通讯(ZTE)参与该国推出的5G网络建设。这两家公司在美国也面临严格的限制，因为担心这两家公司与中国政府的关系会对美国国家安全构成威胁。两家公司均表示，这种担心是毫无根据的。

Microsoft took control, through a court order, of six internet domains¹² that were mimicking¹³ websites for the American Senate and two conservative think-tanks. The domains were created by a group, sometimes known as Fancy Bear, that is associated with the Russian government. One of the think-tanks, the Hudson Institute, has often shone a spotlight¹⁴ on Russian corruption¹⁵. In a separate crackdown on political-misinformation campaigns, Facebook removed fake pages, groups and accounts originating from Iran and Russia that had targeted users in Latin America, Britain, the Middle East and the United States.

微软通过法院命令控制了6个互联网域名，这些域名正在模仿美国参议院和两家保守派的智库网站。这些域名是由一个与俄罗斯政府有关的组织创建的，有时也被称为“魔幻熊”(Fancy Bear)。其中一个智库网站哈德逊研究所(Hudson Institute)经常曝光俄罗斯的腐败问题。在另一场打击政治误导活动的行动中，Facebook删除了来自伊朗和俄罗斯的针对拉丁美洲、英国、中东和美国用户的虚假网页、群组和账户。

1 oversight   

n.勘漏，失察，疏忽

参考例句：

• I consider this a gross oversight on your part.我把这件事看作是你的一大疏忽。
• Your essay was not marked through an oversight on my part.由于我的疏忽你的文章没有打分。

2 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

3 battering   

n.用坏，损坏v.连续猛击( batter的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The film took a battering from critics in the US. 该影片在美国遭遇到批评家的猛烈抨击。
• He kept battering away at the door. 他接连不断地砸门。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 spat   

n.口角，掌击；v.发出呼噜呼噜声

参考例句：

• Her parents always have spats.她的父母经常有些小的口角。
• There is only a spat between the brother and sister.那只是兄妹间的小吵小闹。

5 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

6 retailer   

n.零售商(人)

参考例句：

• What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢？
• The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。

7 slump   

n.暴跌，意气消沉，（土地）下沉；vi.猛然掉落，坍塌，大幅度下跌

参考例句：

• She is in a slump in her career.她处在事业的低谷。
• Economists are forecasting a slump.经济学家们预言将发生经济衰退。

8 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

9 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

10 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

12 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

13 mimicking   

v.（尤指为了逗乐而）模仿( mimic的现在分词 )；酷似

参考例句：

• She's always mimicking the teachers. 她总喜欢模仿老师的言谈举止。
• The boy made us all laugh by mimicking the teacher's voice. 这男孩模仿老师的声音，逗得我们大家都笑了。 来自辞典例句

14 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

15 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。