美国国家公共电台 NPR 拜登与普京首次通话 同意延长军控条约

In a much-anticipated phone call, President Biden has spoken with his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin. On that call, they agreed to extend a key arms control agreement, but it was also a chance for Biden to raise a whole list of other concerns, according to spokesperson Jen Psaki.

拜登总统与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔京进行了备受期待的通话。发言人珍·普萨基表示，在通话中，两国元首同意延长一项关键的军备控制协议，而这次通话也是拜登提出一系列其他关切的机会。

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JEN PSAKI: Including the SolarWinds hack¹, reports of Russia placing bounties² on United States soldiers in Afghanistan, interference in the 2020 election, the poisoning of Alexei Navalny and treatment of peaceful protesters by Russian security forces.

珍·普萨基：通话内容涉及“太阳风”黑客攻击事件、俄罗斯为袭击驻阿富汗美军发放奖金的报道、俄罗斯对2020年总统大选的干预、阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼中毒事件以及俄罗斯安全部队对和平抗议者的处理等。

CHANG: NPR diplomatic correspondent Michele Kelemen joins us now to go through this very long list. Hey, Michele.

张：NPR新闻的外交记者米歇尔·克莱门现在将和我们一起浏览这份长名单。你好，米歇尔。

MICHELE KELEMEN, BYLINE³: Hi there, Ailsa.

米歇尔·克莱门连线：你好，艾尔莎。

CHANG: All right. Let's begin with this arms control deal. What exactly did Biden and Putin agree to?

张：好。我们先来谈谈这项军控协议。具体来说，拜登和普京就什么达成了一致？

KELEMEN: So they agreed to get their teams working right away to extend the New START agreement by five years. It's an agreement that's about to expire, so time was ticking. New START is the only remaining arms control deal that caps U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals⁴. The Trump⁵ administration tried but failed to negotiate a new deal. First, they wanted China involved. Then they wanted a shorter extension to get more out of Russia. The Biden team came in and made clear, you know, let's just extend this deal as it's allowed under the treaty and get to work on the many other disagreements that the U.S. has with Russia.

克莱门：二人同意让各自团队马上开始工作，将《新削减战略武器条约》延长五年。这是一项即将到期的协议，时间紧迫。《新削减战略武器条约》是美国和俄罗斯在核武库上限方面仅存的军备控制协议。特朗普政府试图通过谈判达成新协议，但未能成功。首先，他们希望中国加入协议。他们还希望缩短延长期，以便从俄罗斯处得到更多。拜登团队接手后明确表示，让我们在条约允许的情况下延长这项协议，着手解决美国与俄罗斯之间的许多其他分歧。

CHANG: All right. Well, let's talk about some of those. In her comments today, Press Secretary Jen Psaki said that Biden talked to Putin about Alexei Navalny. He's the opposition⁶ leader who returned to Russia only to be detained there now. Is this a change in tone from the Trump administration?

张：好。我们来谈谈这些分歧。新闻秘书珍·普萨基今天表示，拜登和普京谈到了阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼。他是反对派领袖，在返回俄罗斯后就被拘押。与特朗普政府相比，拜登的措辞有改变吗？

KELEMEN: Yeah, it is. I mean, the Trump administration did criticize Russia for a nerve agent attack that almost killed Navalny. But Trump himself never publicly criticized Putin for anything. And the White House rarely said anything about repression⁷ in Russia. Now you have an administration that's speaking out more forcefully. Secretary of State Tony Blinken, who, by the way, was just confirmed today, was asked about Navalny last week at his confirmation⁸ hearing. Just listen to what he had to say.

克莱门：有的。特朗普政府确实曾指责俄罗斯的神经毒剂袭击差点致纳瓦尔尼死亡。但特朗普本人从未就任何事情公开批评普京。而白宫也很少谈及俄罗斯的镇压行动。而新一届政府更加强硬。美国国务卿托尼·布林肯——顺便说一句，他今天刚刚得到确认，他上周在提名确认听证会上被问及纳瓦尔尼一事。我们来听一下他的回答。

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ANTONY BLINKEN: It is extraordinary how frightened Vladimir Putin seems to be of one man. I think that speaks volumes.

安东尼·布林肯：弗拉基米尔·普京似乎对一个人的恐惧之情非同寻常。我认为这很能说明问题。

KELEMEN: So the State Department was quick to respond to the Kremlin's crackdown on Navalny supporters over the weekend. And today, the U.S. joined other G-7 partners in urging Russia to release the many Russian protesters who were arrested. And they called Navalny's detention⁹ deplorable, so definitely a change in tone here.

克莱门：美国国务院很快就回应了克里姆林宫周末对纳瓦尔尼支持者的镇压。今天，美国与七国集团中的其他伙伴一道，敦促俄罗斯释放被捕的多名俄罗斯抗议者。他们称纳瓦尔尼被拘押一事相当可悲，因此措辞肯定有所改变。 

CHANG: Interesting. Well, has Russia said anything so far about this call?

张：这值得关注。到目前为止，俄罗斯是否有对这通电话进行表态？

KELEMEN: Yeah. I mean, the Kremlin did not mention Navalny in its readout, as you can imagine. Instead, it focused on the need to normalize relations, to work together on things like the coronavirus pandemic or the economy and the extension of New START, as we mentioned. The Kremlin said the two men discussed the Iran nuclear deal, the one Trump left, and it described the conversation — and this was the quote — as "businesslike and sincere."

克莱门：有。你可以想象得到，克里姆林宫没有提及纳瓦尔尼。相反，正如我们所提到的，俄罗斯聚焦的重点是关系正常化的必要性以及在冠状病毒疫情、经济和延长《新削减战略武器条约》等问题上的合作。克里姆林宫表示，两国元首讨论了特朗普退出的伊朗核协议，克里姆林宫称这次对话“务实且真诚”。

CHANG: All right. Let's go back to some of the other issues that Biden raised in this phone call — the SolarWinds hack, for example. What is Biden doing about that?

张：好。现在我们要回到拜登在这次通话中提出的其他一些问题，例如，“太阳风”黑客攻击事件。拜登对此采取了哪些措施？

KELEMEN: Mostly reviewing his options at the moment. A lot of experts see that hack as a successful espionage¹⁰ operation by Russia. So the Biden administration needs to figure out how much damage was done. Biden has asked his intelligence chiefs to review that and to review the reports that the Russians offered bounties on U.S. troops in Afghanistan. That's another story that was sort of brushed off by the Trump administration but seems to be taken more seriously now. And I'll just say one other thing. You know, when Mitt¹¹ Romney ran against Obama, he called Russia America's No. 1 geopolitical foe¹². He got a lot of flak for it from Democrats¹³. Blinken told senators that Romney was prescient when it comes to the challenges posed by Russia, and this administration's going to take it seriously.

克莱门：目前主要是审查他的选择。许多专家认为黑客攻击是俄罗斯成功的间谍行动。因此，拜登政府需要弄清楚这造成了多大损失。拜登已要求其情报部门负责人对此进行审查，并审查有关俄罗斯对袭击驻阿富汗美军提供悬赏的报道。这是另一个被特朗普政府置之不理的事件，但现在似乎会得到更认真地对待。我想说另一件事。当米特·罗姆尼与奥巴马竞选时，他称俄罗斯是美国的头号地缘政治敌人。他因此受到民主党人的猛烈抨击。布林肯对参议员表示，罗姆尼在面对俄罗斯提出的挑战时很有先见之明，本届政府会认真对待。

CHANG: That is NPR's Michele Kelemen.

张：以上是NPR新闻的米歇尔·克莱门带来的报道。

Thank you, Michele.

谢谢你，米歇尔。

KELEMEN: Thank you.

克莱门：谢谢。

1 hack   

n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳

参考例句：

• He made a hack at the log.他朝圆木上砍了一下。
• Early settlers had to hack out a clearing in the forest where they could grow crops.早期移民不得不在森林里劈出空地种庄稼。

2 bounties   

（由政府提供的）奖金( bounty的名词复数 )； 赏金； 慷慨； 大方

参考例句：

• They paid bounties for people to give up their weapons. 他们向放下武器的人发放赏金。
• This foundation provided bounties of more than 5 million last year. 去年该基金会赠款达五百万元以上。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 arsenals   

n.兵工厂，军火库( arsenal的名词复数 )；任何事物的集成

参考例句：

• We possess-each of us-nuclear arsenals capable of annihilating humanity. 我们两国都拥有能够毁灭全人类的核武库。 来自辞典例句
• Arsenals are factories that produce weapons. 军工厂是生产武器的工厂。 来自互联网

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

7 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

8 confirmation   

n.证实，确认，批准

参考例句：

• We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
• We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前，我们需要书面确认。

9 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

10 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

11 mitt   

n.棒球手套，拳击手套，无指手套；vt.铐住，握手

参考例句：

• I gave him a baseball mitt for his birthday.为祝贺他的生日，我送给他一只棒球手套。
• Tom squeezed a mitt and a glove into the bag.汤姆把棒球手套和手套都塞进袋子里。

12 foe   

n.敌人，仇敌

参考例句：

• He knew that Karl could be an implacable foe.他明白卡尔可能会成为他的死敌。
• A friend is a friend;a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。

13 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》