美国国家公共电台 NPR 北约将扩大在伊拉克驻军 从500人激增至4000人

Rockets landed this week on a base used by American forces in Iraq. The rocket strikes killed a contractor¹ and injured other people, including an American service member. U.S. forces remain in Iraq despite efforts in the past year to push them out. And now U.S. allies in NATO say they want to expand their presence. Here's Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg.

本周，火箭落在驻伊美军基地。火箭袭击造成一名承包商死亡，另有多人受伤，伤者包括一名美国军人。尽管过去一年来，伊拉克一直努力将美军赶出去，但美军仍驻守在伊拉克。现在，美国在北约的盟友表示，他们希望扩大自己的存在。以下是北约秘书长延斯·斯托尔滕贝格。

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JENS STOLTENBERG: Today, we decided² to expand NATO's training mission in Iraq to support the Iraqi forces as they fight terrorism and ensure that ISIS does not return.

延斯·斯托尔滕贝格：今天，我们决定扩大北约在伊拉克的训练任务，以支持伊拉克部队打击恐怖主义，确保ISIS不会重返伊拉克。

INSKEEP: NPR's Alice Fordham has been reporting from Baghdad. Hey there, Alice.

因斯基普：NPR新闻的爱丽丝·福德汉姆从巴格达带来相关报道。你好，爱丽丝。

ALICE FORDHAM, BYLINE³: Good morning, Steve.

爱丽丝·福德汉姆连线：早上好，史蒂夫。

INSKEEP: So how is this NATO deployment⁴ supposed to work?

因斯基普：那北约的部署计划如何运作？

FORDHAM: Well, presently what we have is about 500 NATO forces at the Ministry⁵ of Defense⁶, mainly doing institutional reform, trying to make the Ministry of Defense work better. That's going to go up to about 4,000 troops. Jens Stoltenberg says they'll expand out of Baghdad. They'll do more training. So it's a significant ramping⁷ up. And when I asked an Iraqi official, who wouldn't speak on the record, he said it's no coincidence the NATO mission is ramping up when the American one is dwindling⁸ after President Trump⁹ brought the numbers right down. He said it's politically more acceptable to have an international NATO force here because the U.S.-led coalition¹⁰ has become controversial and politically unpopular.

福德汉姆：目前北约在伊拉克的驻军约为500人，主要任务是进行机构改革，努力使国防部工作得更好。驻军人数将增加到4000人。延斯·斯托尔滕贝格表示，他们将向巴格达以外扩张。他们将增加训练。这是一个明显的增兵。我就此事采访了一名不愿公开讲话的伊拉克官员，他表示，在特朗普总统削减驻伊美军人数后，北约的任务增加，而美国的任务减少，这绝非巧合。他说，从政治上来说，北约国际部队驻扎在伊拉克更易接受，因为以美国为首的联盟军颇具争议且从政治角度来说并不受欢迎。

INSKEEP: In what way?

因斯基普：以何方式？

FORDHAM: Well, American forces had left Iraq, but they came back a few years ago under the Obama administration to help fight the war against ISIS at the request of the Iraqi government. But over the course of the Trump administration, Iraq increasingly became the place where tensions between Iran and the U.S. played out, with the climax¹¹ being an American drone strike in Baghdad last January, which killed a powerful Iranian general. Now, not all Iraqis love Iran, but the two have very strong ties. They share a long border. There are huge trade interests, and Iran backs powerful militias¹² here, too. So when I spoke¹³ with Iraqi analyst¹⁴ Sajad Jiyad, he said the U.S. has been effectively forcing Iraq to choose between Iran and America.

福德汉姆：美军本已离开伊拉克，但几年前在奥巴马政府执政时，美军应伊拉克政府的请求重返伊拉克，帮助打击ISIS。但在特朗普政府执政期间，伊拉克逐渐成为伊朗和美国之间紧张局势上演的舞台，美国去年1月在巴格达发动无人机袭击，致一名有影响力的伊朗将军死亡，这导致美国与伊朗的紧张局势达到顶点。现在，并不是所有伊拉克人都喜欢伊朗，但这两个国家有着非常牢固的联系。两国接壤的边境线非常长。其中还牵涉巨大的贸易利益，而且伊朗也支持伊拉克强大的民兵组织。伊拉克分析家萨贾德·吉亚德在接受我的采访时表示，美国实际上一直在迫使伊拉克在伊朗和美国之间做出选择。

SAJAD JIYAD: The reality is we have to have good ties with Iran. It's something we cannot forgo¹⁵. We may be, if push comes to shove, be able to forgo ties with the U.S. We don't want to, but there's nothing we can do with regards to Iran because it's our neighbor.

萨贾德·吉亚德：现实是我们必须与伊朗保持良好关系。这是我们不能放弃的。如果情况危急，我们也许可以放弃与美国的关系。我们并不想这样，但我们对伊朗无能为力，因为伊朗是我们的邻国。

FORDHAM: So if that's how the Trump administration left things in Iraq, the Biden administration has some decisions to make about its relationship here.

福德汉姆：如果这就是特朗普政府在伊拉克遗留的问题，那拜登政府在与伊拉克的关系上有一些决定要做。

INSKEEP: So is this — does this all make a serious challenge for the new Biden administration?

因斯基普：这一切对拜登政府来说是不是严峻的挑战？

FORDHAM: Well, look, keeping American forces in Iraq is challenging for sure. There are good reasons to keep them here. They're helping¹⁶ Iraqi counterterror efforts against ISIS. But things happen like this attack on American forces on Monday, which officials here say was probably linked to Iran. So people are waiting to see what the administration's response is going to be to that.

福德汉姆：让美军继续驻守伊拉克肯定很有挑战性。有充分的理由将美军留在这里。他们正在协助伊拉克的反恐行动，打击ISIS。但发生了周一美军遭袭这种事，伊拉克表示官员，这次袭击可能与伊朗有关。因此人们都在等着看政府对此会有何反应。

INSKEEP: Yeah, absolutely. They're — of course, past strikes have brought the U.S. and Iran closer to direct conflict. Where does the expanded NATO presence fit into that?

因斯基普：好。当然，过去的袭击使美国和伊朗更接近直接冲突。那扩大的北约存在如何适应？

FORDHAM: What Iraqi officials are hinting at is that an expanded NATO role could mean the American-led coalition is no longer necessary. But you have to remember, NATO isn't currently involved in combat operations, whereas the Americans are directly helping. So although the NATO force might provide a kind of extra option, as things stand, the dilemma¹⁷ will still exist for the U.S. about whether they should stay in Iraq and whether they can persuade Iraqi decision-makers and maybe Iran that they want them there.

福德汉姆：伊拉克官员暗示，北约作用的扩大可能意味着美国领导的联军不再必要。但你必须记住，北约目前没有参与作战行动，而美国则直接提供帮助。因此，尽管北约部队可能会提供额外的选择，但从目前的情况来看，对于美国来说难题依然存在，即他们是否应该留在伊拉克，以及他们是否能够说服伊拉克决策者，也许还要说服伊朗，让他们继续留在伊拉克。

INSKEEP: Alice, thanks for your reporting.

因斯基普：爱丽丝，谢谢你带来的报道。

FORDHAM: Thanks for having me.

福德汉姆：谢谢你邀请我。

INSKEEP: NPR's Alice Fordham in Baghdad.

因斯基普：以上是NPR新闻的爱丽丝·福德汉姆从巴格达带来的报道。

1 contractor   

n.订约人，承包人，收缩肌

参考例句：

• The Tokyo contractor was asked to kick $ 6000 back as commission.那个东京的承包商被要求退还6000美元作为佣金。
• The style of house the contractor builds depends partly on the lay of the land.承包商所建房屋的式样，有几分要看地势而定。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

5 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

6 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

7 ramping   

土堤斜坡( ramp的现在分词 )； 斜道； 斜路； （装车或上下飞机的）活动梯

参考例句：

• The children love ramping about in the garden. 孩子们喜欢在花园里追逐嬉戏，闹着玩。
• Have you ever seen a lion ramping around? 你看到过狮子暴跳吗？

8 dwindling   

adj.逐渐减少的v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The number of wild animals on the earth is dwindling. 地球上野生动物的数量正日渐减少。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He is struggling to come to terms with his dwindling authority. 他正努力适应自己权力被削弱这一局面。 来自辞典例句

9 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

10 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

11 climax   

n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点

参考例句：

• The fifth scene was the climax of the play.第五场是全剧的高潮。
• His quarrel with his father brought matters to a climax.他与他父亲的争吵使得事态发展到了顶点。

12 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

13 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

14 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

15 forgo   

v.放弃，抛弃

参考例句：

• Time to prepare was a luxuary he would have to forgo.因为时间不够，他不得不放弃做准备工作。
• She would willingly forgo a birthday treat if only her warring parents would declare a truce.只要她的父母停止争吵，她愿意放弃生日宴请。

16 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

17 dilemma   

n.困境，进退两难的局面

参考例句：

• I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
• He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。