美国国家公共电台 NPR 朝鲜发射两枚弹道导弹

North Korea launched two ballistic missiles on Thursday morning, quite some time ago now with the time difference. It's the second test in less than a week by North Korea. Pyongyang tested a couple of other missiles on Sunday. And this poses a challenge to the Biden administration, which is trying to figure out how to approach North Korea, if at all. NPR's Anthony Kuhn is in Seoul, South Korea, covering the story. Anthony, welcome back.

朝鲜在上周四早上发射了两枚弹道导弹，因为时差原因，发射时间已经过去相当长一段时间。这是朝鲜不到一周内进行的第二次核试验。朝鲜在周日试射了另外两枚导弹。而这也给拜登政府带来了挑战，他们正试图弄清楚如何接近朝鲜，如果他们有这个计划的话。NPR新闻的安东尼·库恩正在韩国首尔报道这起事件。安东尼，欢迎回来。

ANTHONY KUHN, BYLINE¹: Thank you, Steve.

安东尼·库恩连线：谢谢你，史蒂夫。

INSKEEP: So what exactly happened?

因斯基普：到底发生了什么？

KUHN: Well, the South Korean military is saying is that today's launches appear to be of short-range ballistic missiles. And that's different from Sunday, when they launched cruise missiles. Now, cruise missiles are actually not barred by United Nations Security Council resolutions. And President Biden said after that that, basically, it looks like business as usual for North Korea. But ballistic missiles are barred. They can carry nuclear payloads sometimes. And so President Biden will have a tougher time shrugging those off. And these would be the first ballistic missiles North Korea has tested since March of 2020. We should remember they have not tested any ICBMs or nukes since 2017, but continue to try to improve their other military capabilities², like missiles that can hit anywhere on the peninsula, on the Korean peninsula, that can evade³ defenses and that can also not be hit so easily like submarine-launched missiles.

库恩：韩国军方表示，朝鲜今天发射的似乎是短程弹道导弹。而他们在周日发射的是巡航导弹。巡航导弹实际上并没有被联合国安理会决议所禁止。拜登总统在发射之后表示，基本上，朝鲜一切如常。但是弹道导弹是被禁止的。这类导弹有时可以携带核有效载荷。因此，拜登总统将很难对此置若罔闻。这是朝鲜自2020年3月以来首次试射弹道导弹。我们应该记住，自2017年以来，该国没有试验过任何洲际弹道导弹或核武器，但仍在努力提高其他军事能力，比如可以击中朝鲜半岛任何地方的导弹、可以躲避防御的导弹以及不会像潜射导弹那样轻易被击中的导弹。

INSKEEP: I think we have to assume that when North Korea conducts a missile test, they know the world will know and that it's a kind of provocation⁵. Why send that signal now?

因斯基普：我认为我们要假设一下，朝鲜进行导弹试验时，他们知道世界会知道这件事，这是一种挑衅。为什么现在发出这种信号？

KUHN: Well, the timing⁶ is not actually so obvious. The only thing it really coincides with today is the Olympic torch relay, which, of course, Japan is not happy with. It comes after Secretary of State Blinken and Defense⁴ Secretary Austin visited Seoul. And it comes after annual U.S.-South Korea military drills. And if they had staged the test then, it would have been a stronger message. North Korean state media hasn't said anything. So we'll have to wait. But basically, you know, this could have come at any time because Pyongyang's message has remained consistent since negotiations⁸ break — broke down after the 2019 Hanoi summit. The message is that the U.S. must come to them offering concessions⁹, especially sanctions relief. And in the meantime, North Korea is just going to keep on improving its arsenal¹⁰.

库恩：时机其实并不太明显。今天唯一的巧合就是奥运火炬传递，当然，日本对此感到不满。此前，美国国务卿布林肯和国防部长奥斯汀访问了首尔。之前，美韩举行了一年一次的军事演习。如果朝鲜在当时进行测试，那会传递出更强的信息。朝鲜官方媒体并未对此进行报道。因此我们只能等待。但基本上来说，这可能在任何时刻发生，因为自2019年河内峰会谈判破裂以来，朝鲜传递出的信息一直保持一致。即美国必须主动做出让步，尤其是解除制裁方面。同时，朝鲜也将继续增强其武器库。

INSKEEP: Of course, that Hanoi summit a couple of years ago involved a different president. Now we have a new president who wants to take his own approach to North Korea or figure out his own approach to North Korea. How does North Korea's attitude complicate¹¹ that?

因斯基普：当然，几年前的河内峰会涉及到另一位总统。现在我们有了一位新总统，他想对朝鲜采取自己的态度，或者想办法解决朝鲜问题。朝鲜的态度如何使之复杂化？

KUHN: One concern here in Seoul, which is hoping for engagement with Pyongyang, is that, you know, it will push the U.S. towards a hard line policy, which means the U.S. will ask North Korea to disarm¹² unilaterally, which they have said they will not do. They have said that they're open to negotiation⁷ if the U.S. sticks to an agreement made in Singapore between then President Trump¹³ and Kim Jong Un, which is for step-by-step, incremental¹⁴ movements that both sides reciprocate¹⁵.

库恩：韩国希望与朝鲜接触，但韩国担心这会促使美国采取强硬政策，即美国会单方面要求朝鲜解除武装，而朝鲜已经表示不会这样做。该国表示，如果美国遵守时任总统特朗普和金正恩在新加坡达成的协议，那他们愿意进行谈判，该协议旨在逐步、循序渐进地行动，双方互惠互利。

INSKEEP: NPR's Anthony Kuhn with the latest missile test in North Korea. Anthony, thanks so much.

因斯基普：以上是NPR新闻记者安东尼·库恩就朝鲜最新的导弹测试带来的报道。安东尼，非常谢谢你。

KUHN: Thank you, Steve.

库恩：谢谢你，史蒂夫。

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

3 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 provocation   

n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因

参考例句：

• He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation.他是火爆性子，一点就着。
• They did not react to this provocation.他们对这一挑衅未作反应。

6 timing   

n.时间安排，时间选择

参考例句：

• The timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
• The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。

7 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

8 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

9 concessions   

n.（尤指由政府或雇主给予的）特许权( concession的名词复数 )；承认；减价；（在某地的）特许经营权

参考例句：

• The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工，公司将不得不作出一些让步。
• The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。

10 arsenal   

n.兵工厂，军械库

参考例句：

• Even the workers at the arsenal have got a secret organization.兵工厂工人暗中也有组织。
• We must be the great arsenal of democracy.我们必须成为民主的大军火库。

11 complicate   

vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂

参考例句：

• There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
• These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。

12 disarm   

v.解除武装，回复平常的编制，缓和

参考例句：

• The world has waited 12 years for Iraq to disarm. 全世界等待伊拉克解除武装已有12年之久。
• He has rejected every peaceful opportunity offered to him to disarm.他已经拒绝了所有能和平缴械的机会。

13 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

14 incremental   

adj.增加的

参考例句：

• For logic devices, the incremental current gain is very important. 对于逻辑器件来说，提高电流增益是非常重要的。 来自辞典例句
• By using an incremental approach, the problems involving material or geometric nonlinearity have been solved. 借应用一种增量方法，已经解决了包括材料的或几何的非线性问题。 来自辞典例句

15 reciprocate   

v.往复运动；互换；回报，酬答

参考例句：

• Although she did not reciprocate his feelings, she did not discourage him.尽管她没有回应他的感情，她也没有使他丧失信心。
• Some day I will reciprocate your kindness to me.总有一天我会报答你对我的恩德。