法律英语基础听说900句 Part41-45

四十一、所有权（Ownership）
1.A person may own land notwithstanding that another has an easement,such as a right of way,over it.
2.A person in possession is not bound to prove that the possessions belong him.
3.He is the de jure owner of the property.
4.His title to the property is defective¹.
5.Marital² property is the same as community property and is divided equally upon divorce.
6.One independent object can only and only needs to establish one property right.
7.One should enjoy his property in such a manner as not to injure that of another person.
8.Ownership has been described as"the entirety of powers of use and disposal allowed by law".
9.Ownership in indivision is ended by a partition of the property.
10.The ownership of the company has passed to bank.
一个人可拥有土地，尽管他人对土地具有地役权，诸如通行权。
占有者无须证明自已为物主。
他是财产的注定所有权人。
他的产权具有瑕疵。
夫妻财产也同样属于共同财产，离婚时应作平均分配。
一物只能且只须有一个产权。
享有自已的财产应以不损害他人的利益为限。
所有权被称作是“法定使用权和处置权的集合体。”
未分财产的所有权经财产分割即告疑终结。
公司的所有权已经移交银行。
Part 42 Agency

1.Both express authority and implied authority can create agency.
2.Citizens and legal persons may perform civil juristic acts through agents.
3.He was acting³ in a fiduciary⁴ capacity.
4.Legal ownership rests with the trustee,
and equitable⁵ ownership rests with the beneficiary.
5.She was empowered by the company to sign the contract.
6.The agent is empowered to sell the property.
7.The agreement covers all agencies.
8.The principal may be obligated as if it had expressly granted the authority to agent.
9.They signed an agency agreement.
10.The third party and the agent shall be held jointly⁶ liable.
委托代理
明示授权和默示授权都能产生代理。
公民、法人可以通过代理人实施民事法律行为。
他以受托人身份行为。
受托人享有普通法上的所有权，受益人享有衡平法了的所有权。
她被公司授权签署此项合同。
代理人受权出售该财产。
该协议包括所有代理。
被代理人可能要承担他原本未明确授权给代理人之责任。
他们签订了一项代理协议。
第三人和代理人应负连带责任。
Part 43 Juvenile⁷ delinquency
1.A child is considered legally incapable⁸ of committing a crime.
2.All juvenile records are closed and confidential⁹ at the court's discretion¹⁰.
3.Being a minor,he would not be charged as an adult for a criminal act.
4.Having taken the age of the accused into consideration,the court has decided¹¹ to give him a suspended sentence.
5.A Person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of eighteen
who commits a crime shall be given a lesser¹² punishment or a mitigated¹³ punishment.
6.The appeal court quashed the care order made by the juvenile court.
7.The emphasis in juvenile courts is upon rehabilitation¹⁴ of youthful offenders¹⁵ rather than punishment.
8.The juvenile court may expunge¹⁶ or destroy the records of a juvenile at any time.
9.The juvenile delinquent¹⁷ was sent to the reformatory.
10.When the offense¹⁸ was committed,he was under the age of majority.
未成年人违法
未成年人在法律上被视为无犯罪能力的。
法庭有权裁量将任何未成年人的违法记录进行保密。
作为未成年人，他将不会因犯罪行为像成人一样被起诉。
考虑到被告的年龄，法院决定给他缓期处刑。
已满14周岁但未满18周岁的人犯罪，应当从轻或者减轻处罚。
上诉法院废除了少年法院签发的监护。
少年法庭的重心是使青少年违者回归社会而非惩罚。
少年法庭可在任何时候删除或者销毁未成年人的记录。
该少年违者被关进教养院改造。
犯罪时他还未成年。
Part 44 Consumer's right
1.Can I bring criminal charges against a seller for an anti-consumer action?
2.Consumers are entitled to choose their own commodities or services.
3.He sought to hold the manufacturer of the article liable for defects.
4.If the seller of goods does not live up to the standards of conduct and performance set by the licensing¹⁹ agency,loss of license²⁰ can result.
5.The consumer will enjoy increasing protection by the law.
6.The Federal Trade Commission has the broadest consumer protection duties.
7.The fraud case has been covered by the consumer protection legislation.
8.The law also provides that the consumer has the right to cancel any door-to-door contract.
9.This law has been formulated²¹ to protect the legitimate²² rights and interests of consumers.
10.When a consumer suit is won,
the seller is likely to be required to pay damages.
消费者权益
对销售者反对消费者的行为我可以提起刑事诉讼吗？
消费者有权挑选商品和服务。
他企图追究制造者对瑕疵产品的责任。
如果商品销售者没有达到发证机构制定的行为和表现标准，
可能会导致吊销许可证的后果。
消费者受到的法律保护将越来越多。
联邦贸易委员会具有最广泛的保护消费者权益的职责。
欺诈案已被包括在消费者保护立法之中。
法律还规定消费者人权撤销任何送货上门买卖合同。
为保护消费者的合法权益特制定本法。
当消费者权益保护之诉胜诉，卖方可能不得不支付赔偿金。
Part 45 Trust
1.A trust can be presumed by operation of law.
2.A trust may be created orally,but usually is set up in a written form.
3.He left his property in trust for his daguhter.
4.He will be found liable if he assists a trustee
to commit a dishonest breach²³ of trust.
5.The court appointed a bankruptcy²⁴ trustee
to administer the property a debtor²⁵.
6.The trust instrument msut identify the trust property,the trustee,and the beneficiariess,and state the terms of the trust.
7.The trustee must manage the trust property for the beneficiary.
8.To the beneficiary the trustee owes a fiduciary duty.
9.Trusts developed out of the old English use.
10.Whereas the property is held in trust for the appellant.
信托
信托关系可以法律推定成立。
信托关系可以口关建立，但一般却是经书面文件形式建立。
他将财产交他人为自已的女儿托管。
如果他帮助受托人不诚实地违反信托，他将被判处承担法律责任。
法院指定一名破产财产托管人以管理债务人的财产。
信托文件必须确认信托财产、受托人和受益人，并写明信托条款。
受托人必须受益人管理信托财产。
受托人对受益人负有信托义务。
信托源于古老的英国惯例。
鉴于财产是为上诉人托管的。

1 defective   

adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的

参考例句：

• The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
• If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷， 顾客有权索赔。

2 marital   

adj.婚姻的，夫妻的

参考例句：

• Her son had no marital problems.她的儿子没有婚姻问题。
• I regret getting involved with my daughter's marital problems;all its done is to bring trouble about my ears.我后悔干涉我女儿的婚姻问题, 现在我所做的一切将给我带来无穷的烦恼。

3 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

4 fiduciary   

adj.受托的，信托的

参考例句：

• A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.公司董事应对公司负责受托人责任。
• He was acting in a fiduciary capacity.他以受托人身份行为。

5 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。

6 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

7 juvenile   

n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的

参考例句：

• For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人，他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
• Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。

8 incapable   

adj.无能力的，不能做某事的

参考例句：

• He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed.他不会做出这么残忍的事。
• Computers are incapable of creative thought.计算机不会创造性地思维。

9 confidential   

adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的

参考例句：

• He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
• We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。

10 discretion   

n.谨慎；随意处理

参考例句：

• You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
• Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。

11 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 lesser   

adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地

参考例句：

• Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
• She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及，但程度较轻。

13 mitigated   

v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The cost of getting there is mitigated by Sydney's offer of a subsidy. 由于悉尼提供补助金，所以到那里的花费就减少了。 来自辞典例句
• The living conditions were slightly mitigated. 居住条件稍有缓解。 来自辞典例句

14 rehabilitation   

n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位

参考例句：

• He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
• No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。

15 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

16 expunge   

v.除去，删掉

参考例句：

• He could not expunge the incident from his memory.他无法忘掉这件事。
• Remember that you can expunge anything you find undesirable.记住，你可以除去任何你发现令你讨厌的东西。

17 delinquent   

adj.犯法的，有过失的；n.违法者

参考例句：

• Most delinquent children have deprived backgrounds.多数少年犯都有未受教育的背景。
• He is delinquent in paying his rent.他拖欠房租。

18 offense   

n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪

参考例句：

• I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
• His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。

19 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

20 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

21 formulated   

v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

22 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

23 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

24 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。

25 debtor   

n.借方，债务人

参考例句：

• He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。
• The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。