法律英语基础听说900句 Part46-50

四十六、刑罚（Punishment）
1.Criminal punishment ought to be based upon blameworthiness only,and not imposed upon those connot be blamed.
2.Guilt¹ always hurries towards its complement,i.e.punishment,only there does its satisfaction lie.
3.He was kept in solitary² confinement³ for a week.
4.If the prosecution⁴ can prove that the defendant⁵ acted "for purpose of commercial advantage",the maximum sentence is five years in prison.
5.Legal circumstances and consideration circumstances show no difference and work in coordination⁶ in the course of discretion⁷ of punishment.
6.No one can be punished twice for the same offence.
7.Punishment is justice for the unjust.
8.Punishment ought to be inflicted⁸ upon the guilty,and not upon others.
9.The goal of punishment should be to reform the criminal so that he will not commit a crime again.
10.That justice with absolutely prevents a crime is better than that which severely⁹ punishes it.
刑罚只能建立在可责性的基础上，不可责者不应受罚。
犯罪总很快得到相应的惩罚，只有处罚才能使犯罪得到偿还。
他被单独监禁了一周。
如控方能够证明被告的行为系
“以商业利益目的”
则最高刑罚是监禁五年。
在量刑裁定上，法定情节和酌定情节具有一致性和功能互补性。
一罪不二罚。
惩罚是对正义的伸张。
刑罚应依据罪行而不立依据其他因素。
刑罚的目的应该是改造罪犯使其不再犯罪。
从根本了防范犯罪的司法体制好于严厉惩罚犯罪的体制。
part 47 Criminal law principles
1.An act is not a crime unless the law says it is one.
2.An essential function of the criminal law is to define the boundary between what conduct is criminal and what is merely immoral¹⁰.
3.Criminal Law is not only the Magra Carta of the innocent, but also the Magra Carta which makes the sinner.
4.Divine punishments though slow,are alwasy sure.
5.Duress¹¹ provides no defense¹² to a charge of murder.
6.Justifiable¹³ defense is the act being exempted¹⁴ from crimes.
7.Prevention and punishment are essential reasons why we have criminal law and a criminal justice system.
8.No crime without a law.
9.No one can be forced to incriminate himself.
10.Penal¹⁵ statutes¹⁶ must not be given retroactive effect.
刑法原则
法无明文规定者不为罪。
刑法的本质功能在于明确了犯罪行为与公非道德行为的界限。
刑法既是善良人的《大宪章》，也是犯罪人的《大宪章》。
天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
受到胁迫不能成为谋杀指控之抗辩。
正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。
预防和处罚犯罪是制订和建立司法体系的主要原因。
法无明文规定者不为罪。
任何人不得被强制自证其罪。
刑法不得溯及既往。
Part 48 Criminal investigation¹⁷
1.After the judge dismissed the case,the police refused to investigate further.
2.Ballistics was used in the criminal case to determine the gun's firing capacity.
3.Investigating detention¹⁸ is constitutional only if probable cause exists.
4.Investigating power was used to compel the bank to disclose some facts.
5.The coroner found that the death was not due to natural causes.
6.The investigating magistrate¹⁹ is thus a kind of quasi-judge standing²⁰ halfway²¹ between the prosecutor²² and the court.
7.The law has been made obsolete²³ by new developments in forensic²⁴ science.
8.The police have power to hold a suspect during the investigation of his participation²⁵ in a crime.
9.The police investigated the suspect's involvement in the murder.
10.The policeman found the man was a fugitive²⁶ during a stop and frisk for weapons.
刑事侦察
法官驳回此案后，警方拒绝作进一步侦破。
在该刑事案件中人们运用弹道学原理来确定枪的发射力。
只有在合理依据成立时，非正式侦破性拘押才不是违法的。
人们运用侦察权以强迫银行披露某些事实。
死因调查官发现该死亡不属于自然死亡。
由此，预审治安官是位于检察官和法官之间的一种标准法官。
法医学的新发展使该法过时。
在调查嫌疑犯是否参加期间，警方有权拘押嫌疑犯。
警方调查嫌疑犯与谋杀的干系。
在拦截和搜查武器时，警察发现该人是个逃犯。
Part 49 Transaction
1.A corporation shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered.
2.A transaction between two parties shouldn't operate to the disadvantage of a third party.
3.Goods will be supplied within thirty days of receipt of order.
4.In the case fo goods,the seller must act in good faith.
5.Invoices²⁷ are payable²⁸ within thirty days of receipt.
6.Is there any red tape involved in starting up any form fo business?
7.The payment has to countersigned²⁹ by the mortgagor.
8.The sale of goods acts only apply to the sale of goods and have no application when services are provided.
9.We are pleased to inform you that you offer has been accepted.
10.You should repay before the expiration³⁰ of the stated period.
业务交易
公司应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营
两方当事人之间的交易不得对第三方不利。
在收到定单后30天内供货。
货物的卖方须善间行为。
发票收到后30天内付款。
开办企业有何法律规定？
该付款必须有抵押人的会签。
货物买卖法仅适用于货物的买卖而不适用于提供服务。
我们高兴地通知你方：你们的发盘已被接受。
你应该在规定日期结束前付款。
Part 50 Medical care
1.A surgery conformed to standard practice is not medical malpractice.
2.Thought it is not malpractice,you still have recourse under the law.
3.The arrangement you make with a plastic surgeon
should be deemed as a contract.
4.Legally,a doctor commits medical malpractice when he departs from standard practice.
5.Your pregnancy³¹ is not the result of the doctor's malpractice.
6.Should an injury result from nonstandard practice,
a malpractice claim for damages could be made.
7.The doctor negligent³² of his duty may face not only a malpractice suit but also a criminal indictment³³.
8.Misdiagnosis may be malpractice.
9.A doctor is responsible for the actions of his staff.
10.The death of the patient because of her doctor's choice of C-section was not medical malpractice in and of itself.
医疗保健
遵守标准惯例的手术不能算作医疗事故。
尽管其不算医疗事故，你仍然可以依法得到救济。
你与整洁外科医生的协议应被视为是合同。
从法律角度上讲，医生背离标准惯例则构成医疗失职。
你的怀孕不能归咎于医生的失职
如果伤害是因非标准治疗引起，你可以提起医疗事故之索赔主张。
玩忽职守的医生人仅会遭受失职之诉，而且还可能受到刑事指控。
误诊可能是一种失职行为。
医生应当对他的助手的行为负责。
该病人因其医生选择剖腹产而死亡一事其本身并非医疗失职行为。
 

1 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

2 solitary   

adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士

参考例句：

• I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country.我颇喜欢在乡间独自徜徉。
• The castle rises in solitary splendour on the fringe of the desert.这座城堡巍然耸立在沙漠的边际，显得十分壮美。

3 confinement   

n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限

参考例句：

• He spent eleven years in solitary confinement.他度过了11年的单独监禁。
• The date for my wife's confinement was approaching closer and closer.妻子分娩的日子越来越近了。

4 prosecution   

n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营

参考例句：

• The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
• He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

5 defendant   

n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的

参考例句：

• The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
• The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。

6 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

7 discretion   

n.谨慎；随意处理

参考例句：

• You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
• Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。

8 inflicted   

把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。

9 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

10 immoral   

adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的

参考例句：

• She was questioned about his immoral conduct toward her.她被询问过有关他对她的不道德行为的情况。
• It is my belief that nuclear weapons are immoral.我相信使核武器是不邪恶的。

11 duress   

n.胁迫

参考例句：

• He claimed that he signed the confession under duress.他说他是被迫在认罪书上签字的。
• These unequal treaties were made under duress.这些不平等条约是在强迫下签订的。

12 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

13 justifiable   

adj.有理由的，无可非议的

参考例句：

• What he has done is hardly justifiable.他的所作所为说不过去。
• Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。

14 exempted   

使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His bad eyesight exempted him from military service. 他因视力不好而免服兵役。
• Her illness exempted her from the examination. 她因病而免试。

15 penal   

adj.刑罚的；刑法上的

参考例句：

• I hope you're familiar with penal code.我希望你们熟悉本州法律规则。
• He underwent nineteen years of penal servitude for theft.他因犯了大窃案受过十九年的苦刑。

16 statutes   

成文法( statute的名词复数 )； 法令； 法规； 章程

参考例句：

• The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Each agency is also restricted by the particular statutes governing its activities. 各个机构的行为也受具体法令限制。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

17 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

18 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

19 magistrate   

n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官

参考例句：

• The magistrate committed him to prison for a month.法官判处他一个月监禁。
• John was fined 1000 dollars by the magistrate.约翰被地方法官罚款1000美元。

20 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

21 halfway   

adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途

参考例句：

• We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
• In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。

22 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

23 obsolete   

adj.已废弃的，过时的

参考例句：

• These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
• They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。

24 forensic   

adj.法庭的，雄辩的

参考例句：

• The report included his interpretation of the forensic evidence.该报告包括他对法庭证据的诠释。
• The judge concluded the proceeding on 10:30 Am after one hour of forensic debate.经过近一个小时的法庭辩论后，法官于10时30分宣布休庭。

25 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

26 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。

27 invoices   

发票( invoice的名词复数 )； （发货或服务）费用清单； 清单上货物的装运； 货物的托运

参考例句：

• Take the example of a purchasing clerk keying invoices into a system. 继续说录入员输入发票的例子，这个录入员是一个全职的数据输入人员。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. 领事发票是进口国领事馆签发的一种申报书。

28 payable   

adj.可付的，应付的，有利益的

参考例句：

• This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。
• No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。

29 countersigned   

v.连署，副署，会签 （文件）( countersign的过去式 )

参考例句：

• "Behold your papers, Jarvis Lorry, countersigned." “看看你们的证件吧！贾维斯 - 罗瑞，已经签过字了。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
• The payment has to countersigned by the mortgagor. 该付款必须有抵押人的会签。 来自口语例句

30 expiration   

n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物

参考例句：

• Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
• This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。

31 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

32 negligent   

adj.疏忽的；玩忽的；粗心大意的

参考例句：

• The committee heard that he had been negligent in his duty.委员会听说他玩忽职守。
• If the government is proved negligent,compensation will be payable.如果证明是政府的疏忽，就应支付赔偿。

33 indictment   

n.起诉；诉状

参考例句：

• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
• They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。