2022年经济学人 来自地狱的警告（2）

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Vrba and Wetzler hoped that by alerting the Hungarian Jewish leadership—and the world—to the reality of Auschwitz, they would save Hungary’s Jews.

弗尔巴和韦茨勒希望，通过让匈牙利犹太领导人和全世界认识到奥斯维辛集中营的现实，他们能够拯救匈牙利的犹太人。

Their report reached Budapest at the end of April 1944.

他们的报告于1944年4月底到达布达佩斯。

Yet between May and July Hungarian officials enthusiastically deported¹ almost 440,000 Jews from the provinces to Auschwitz, most of whom were killed on arrival.

然而，在5月至7月期间，匈牙利官员热情地将近44万犹太人从各省驱逐到奥斯威辛集中营，其中大多数人在抵达时被杀害。

The behaviour of Hungary’s Jewish leaders remains² controversial.

匈牙利犹太领导人的行为仍然存在争议。

Rezso Kasztner, a prominent Zionist, presented the report to the country’s Jewish Council on April 29th.

著名的犹太复国主义者雷索·卡斯特纳于4月29日向该国的犹太委员会提交了这份报告。

Kasztner negotiated with the Nazis³ for the lives of nearly 1,700 Jews; whether he smoothed the path to destruction for others has always been fiercely debated.

卡斯特纳与纳粹就近1700名犹太人的生命进行了谈判；他是否为其他人铺平了毁灭之路这一点一直备受争议。

Echoing Vrba’s judgment⁴, Mr Freedland thinks that, by not doing more to publicise the report, Kasztner gave the Nazis “the one thing they deemed indispensable...Order and quiet”.

弗里德兰先生赞同弗尔巴的观点，认为卡斯特纳没有做更多的事情来公开这份报告，反而给了纳粹“一样他们认为不可或缺的东西……秩序和安静”。

Arguably, though, the Jewish Council itself, which had far more influence, deserves more blame.

不过，可以说，影响力要大得多的犹太委员会理应受到更多指责。

The underlying⁵ point about the report’s reception is wider, and profound.

这份报告被接受的潜在意义更广泛、更深刻。

Vrba was sure, says Mr Freedland, that “facts could save lives”.

弗里德兰先生说，弗尔巴确信“真相可以拯救生命”。

Yet, he observes, “only when information is combined with belief does it become knowledge.”

然而，他注意到，“只有当信息和相信结合在一起时，它才会成为知识。”

If the facts are unpalatable or outlandish—as the hell of the camp seemed to many Jews, and some Allied⁶ leaders—denial and cognitive⁷ dissonance can stifle⁸ the urge to act.

如果真相令人不快或感到离奇--正如集中营的地狱给许多犹太人和一些盟军领导人的感觉一样--否认和认知失调可能会抑制采取行动的冲动。

The Vrba-Wetzler report made its way to Allied capitals, the Vatican and the offices of Admiral Horthy, Hungary’s regent.

弗尔巴和韦茨勒的报告传到了盟国首都、梵蒂冈和匈牙利摄政王霍尔蒂海军上将的办公室。

In the summer of 1944, after entreaties⁹ from the pope and warnings of punishment from President Franklin Roosevelt, Horthy halted the deportations.

1944年夏天，在教皇的恳求和富兰克林·罗斯福总统的惩罚警告下，霍尔蒂停止了驱逐行动。

The 200,000 Jews of Budapest were safe—until the Hungarian Nazis, the Arrow Cross, took power in October, after which many perished.

布达佩斯的20万犹太人原本是安全的--直到匈牙利的纳粹组织“箭十字党”在10月份掌权，随后许多人丧生。

After the war Vrba trained as a biochemist and moved to Canada, forever raging against the Hungarian Jewish leadership’s failures.

战争结束后，弗尔巴受训成为了一名生物化学家，并移居加拿大，他一直对匈牙利犹太领导人的失败感到愤怒。

Mr Freedland’s vivid, compassionate¹⁰ book brings out the horror and tragedy of his experiences: the Nazis’ depravity, the caprices of death and survival, the toll¹¹ of violence, exhaustion¹² and incomprehension on the doomed¹³ deportees.

弗里德兰先生这本生动而富有同情心的书揭示了他经历的恐怖和悲剧：纳粹的邪恶，死亡和生存的反复无常，暴力的影响，精疲力竭和对注定要被驱逐出境的人的不理解。

An important addition to Holocaust¹⁴ historiography, it honours the memory of two brave and determined¹⁵ men who helped save some of the last Jews of Europe.

作为大屠杀史学的重要补充，这本书纪念两位勇敢而坚定的人，他们帮助拯救了欧洲最后一些犹太人的生命。

1 deported   

v.将…驱逐出境( deport的过去式和过去分词 )；举止

参考例句：

• They stripped me of my citizenship and deported me. 他们剥夺我的公民资格，将我驱逐出境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The convicts were deported to a deserted island. 罪犯们被流放到一个荒岛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

5 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

6 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

7 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

8 stifle   

vt.使窒息；闷死；扼杀；抑止，阻止

参考例句：

• She tried hard to stifle her laughter.她强忍住笑。
• It was an uninteresting conversation and I had to stifle a yawn.那是一次枯燥无味的交谈，我不得不强忍住自己的呵欠。

9 entreaties   

n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He began with entreaties and ended with a threat. 他先是恳求，最后是威胁。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The tyrant was deaf to the entreaties of the slaves. 暴君听不到奴隶们的哀鸣。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 compassionate   

adj.有同情心的，表示同情的

参考例句：

• She is a compassionate person.她是一个有同情心的人。
• The compassionate judge gave the young offender a light sentence.慈悲的法官从轻判处了那个年轻罪犯。

11 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

12 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

13 doomed   

命定的

参考例句：

• The court doomed the accused to a long term of imprisonment. 法庭判处被告长期监禁。
• A country ruled by an iron hand is doomed to suffer. 被铁腕人物统治的国家定会遭受不幸的。

14 holocaust   

n.大破坏；大屠杀

参考例句：

• The Auschwitz concentration camp always remind the world of the holocaust.奥辛威茨集中营总是让世人想起大屠杀。
• Ahmadinejad is denying the holocaust because he's as brutal as Hitler was.内贾德否认大屠杀，因为他像希特勒一样残忍。

15 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。