2022年经济学人 英国首相鲍里斯辞职

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The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, is to resign, but hopes to stay in office until the autumn, when a new leader can be installed.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊即将辞职，但他希望留任到今年秋天，届时新领导人可以上任。

It was unclear as The Economist¹ went to press whether he would, in fact, be allowed to hang on.

当《经济学人》付印时，他是否会被允许继续留任还不清楚。

A rebellion within the Conservative government made his position untenable: dozens of ministers resigned, starting with the health secretary and the chancellor² of the exchequer³ (finance minister).

保守党政府内部的叛变使他的领导职位难以为继: 从卫生大臣和财政大臣辞职开始，数十名大臣辞去职务。

Various scandals were unfolding: the deputy chief whip had stood down amid accusations⁴ that he had drunkenly groped two men, and Mr Johnson was shown to have known about prior allegations of misbehaviour when he originally appointed him.

各种丑闻层出不穷:副党鞭因被指控醉酒猥亵两名男子而辞职，约翰逊被证实在最初任命他时就知道他此前的不当行为指控。

Mr Johnson’s chaotic⁶ management style and repeated failure to tell the truth prompted many who had served under him to say they could no longer do so.

约翰逊混乱的管理风格和一再不讲真话，促使许多曾在他手下工作的官员表示，他们再也不能服务于他了。

Russian troops captured the industrial town of Lysychansk, completing their takeover of Luhansk oblast in Ukraine’s east.

俄罗斯军队占领了工业城镇利西昌斯克，完成了对乌克兰东部卢甘斯克州的占领。

The Ukrainian army is repositioning itself to defend more strategic sites in Donetsk.

乌克兰正在重新部署军队，以保卫顿涅茨克的战略要地。

A conference on rebuilding Ukraine was held in Lugano, Switzerland.

关于重建乌克兰的会议在瑞士卢加诺举行。

Officials from America, Britain, the European Union and international organisations attended.

来自美国、英国、欧盟和国际组织的官员出席了该会议。

The Ukrainian prime minister said a “full-fledged” recovery plan would cost $750bn.

乌克兰总理表示，一项“全面”的恢复计划将耗资7500亿美元。

Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, urged the EU to be prepared for a cut-off of Russian gas.

欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯·德莱恩敦促欧盟为切断俄罗斯天然气供应做好准备。

As electricity prices in Europe hit a new high, the European Parliament tweaked laws that would relabel gas and nuclear infrastructure⁷ as “green”.

随着欧洲电费再创新高，欧洲议会调整了法律，将天然气和核能基础设施重新贴上“绿色”的标签。

The collapse⁸ of a glacier⁹ in the Italian Alps that killed at least nine people was blamed on climate change.

意大利阿尔卑斯山脉冰川崩塌，造成至少9人死亡，这一事件被归咎于气候变化。

Italy declared a state of emergency in five northern regions; a long bout⁵ of hot weather has caused the worst drought in 70 years.

意大利宣布北部五个地区进入紧急状态; 长时间的炎热天气导致了70年来最严重的干旱。

A gunman opened fire on a July 4th parade in Highland¹⁰ Park, a wealthy suburb north of Chicago, killing¹¹ seven people.

一名持枪歹徒在高地公园(位于芝加哥北部的富裕郊区)举行的国庆节大游行中开枪，造成7人死亡。

It was the deadliest such incident over the Independence Day holiday, which normally sees a spike¹² in shootings.

这是美国独立日假期中发生的最致命的此类事件，通常在此期间，枪击事件会激增。

Eight other people were gunned down in Chicago over the three-day weekend.

在为期三天的周末假日，芝加哥还有8人被枪杀。

Across the country more than 200 were killed in gun violence.

全国有200多人死于枪支暴力。

In an emergency session, New York’s state legislature passed a bill that would ban people from carrying guns near “sensitive” places, such as schools.

在一次紧急会议上，纽约州立法机构通过了一项法案，禁止人们在学校等“敏感”场所附近携带枪支。

The bill was crafted to comply with the Supreme¹³ Court’s recent curbs¹⁴ on gun controls.

该法案的制定是为了遵守最高法院最近对枪支管制的限制。

The Supreme Court limited the power of the Environmental Protection Agency to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions¹⁵.

最高法院限制了环境保护局降低温室气体排放的权力。

Joe Biden’s plans to tackle climate change will now have to be rethought, and approved by Congress rather than implemented¹⁶ by executive fiat¹⁷.

乔·拜登现在必须重新考虑应对气候变化的计划，而且必须得到国会批准，而非通过行政命令来实施。

1 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

2 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

3 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

4 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

5 bout   

n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛

参考例句：

• I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
• That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。

6 chaotic   

adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的

参考例句：

• Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
• The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。

7 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

8 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

9 glacier   

n.冰川，冰河

参考例句：

• The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。
• The upper surface of glacier is riven by crevasses.冰川的上表面已裂成冰隙。

10 highland   

n.(pl.)高地，山地

参考例句：

• The highland game is part of Scotland's cultural heritage.苏格兰高地游戏是苏格兰文化遗产的一部分。
• The highland forests where few hunters venture have long been the bear's sanctuary.这片只有少数猎人涉险的高山森林，一直都是黑熊的避难所。

11 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

12 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

13 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

14 curbs   

v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• In executing his functions he is not bound by any legal curbs on his power. 在他履行职务时，他的权力是不受任何法律约束的。 来自辞典例句
• Curbs on air travel were being worked out and would shortly be announced. 限制航空旅行的有关规定正在拟定中，不久即将公布。 来自辞典例句

15 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

16 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

17 fiat   

n.命令，法令，批准；vt.批准，颁布

参考例句：

• The opening of a market stall is governed by municipal fiat.开设市场摊位受市政法令管制。
• He has tried to impose solutions to the country's problems by fiat.他试图下令强行解决该国的问题。