2023年经济学人 直面超加工食品的危害（1）

 

 

    Confronting the dangers of ultra-processed food直面超加工食品的危害

    Which is healthier: a bag of crisps or a kale salad?

    哪个更健康:一袋薯片还是一份羽衣甘蓝沙拉?

    That is easy.

    这很简单。

    Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer?

    那么，哪一种披萨更健康：是从头开始做的披萨，还是从冰箱的盒子里拿出来的，用同样的基本原料、同样的卡路里做的披萨?

    Many people concerned with what they eat would instinctively¹ say the former, perhaps citing a vague concern with “processed food”.

    许多关心自己吃什么的人会本能地说前者健康，也许是出于对“加工食品”的模糊担忧。

    Such food can often be delicious.

    这样的食物往往很美味。

    (This columnist² has a particular weakness for salty potato crisps.)(笔者特别喜欢咸薯片。)

    And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant, when for most of human history they were neither.

    卡路里既便宜又丰富，这是很值得欢呼的东西，在人类历史的大部分时间里都很稀缺。

    But as Chris van Tulleken’s new book, “Ultra-Processed People”, explains, that cheapness and abundance come at a cost.

    但正如克里斯·范·图勒肯的新书《过度加工者》里面所解释的那样，廉价且富足是有代价的。

    Mr van Tulleken, a doctor and television presenter³, draws a distinction between “ultra-processed food” (upf) and “processed food”.

    医生兼电视节目主持人范·塔肯先生对“超加工食品”(upf)和“加工食品”进行了区分。

    Almost everything people consume is processed in some form: rice is harvested and hulled⁴, animals are butchered.

    人们消费的几乎所有东西都经过了某种形式的加工:大米被收获并去壳，动物被屠宰。

    He uses a definition proposed by Carlos Monteiro, a food scientist, describing upf as “formulations of ingredients, mostly of exclusive industrial use, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring sophisticated equipment and technology”.

    他使用了食品科学家卡洛斯·蒙泰罗提出的定义，将超加工食品描述为“原料的配方，主要用于专用工业用途，通过一系列工业过程制成，其中许多过程需要复杂的设备和技术”。

    A pizza made from scratch contains minimally⁵ processed food (wheat turned into flour, tomatoes into sauce, milk into cheese).

    从头开始制作的披萨含有最低限度的加工食品(小麦制成的面粉，西红柿制成的酱汁，牛奶制成的奶酪)。

    The one in the freezer, with its thiamine mononitrate and sodium⁶ phosphate, is upf.

    冰箱里的那个，含有单硝酸硫胺素和磷酸钠，已经过期了。

1 instinctively   

adv.本能地

参考例句：

• As he leaned towards her she instinctively recoiled. 他向她靠近，她本能地往后缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He knew instinctively where he would find her. 他本能地知道在哪儿能找到她。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 columnist   

n.专栏作家

参考例句：

• The host was interviewing a local columnist.节目主持人正在同一位当地的专栏作家交谈。
• She's a columnist for USA Today.她是《今日美国报》的专栏作家。

3 presenter   

n.（电视、广播的）主持人，赠与者

参考例句：

• Most people think being a television presenter is exciting.很多人认为当电视节目主持人是一件刺激的事情。
• The programme dispensed with its most popular presenter.这个节目最受欢迎的主持人被换掉了。

4 hulled   

有壳的，有船身的

参考例句：

• Rice is gathered, cleaned and hulled before being sold. 稻子先收割，弄干净，去壳，才出售。
• Scrape the hulled beans together. 把剥好的豆子胡噜到一堆儿。

5 minimally   

最低限度地，最低程度地

参考例句：

• Food spoilage problems occur with minimally processed, concentrated frozen citrus products. 食品的变质也发生在轻微加工的、浓缩冷冻的柑橘制品中。
• So, minimally, they are responsible for such actions and omissions. 所以，至少来说，他们要对这样的行为和忽略负责。

6 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。