2023年经济学人 绘制海洋交通图(1)

 

    In maritime¹ legend, the Flying Dutchman traversed the world’s oceans undetectable except to the naked eye.

    在航海传说中，幽冥飞船穿越了世界上只有肉眼才能发现的海洋。

    Its mysterious voyages have inspired poems, novels, an opera, and, it would seem, an armada of imitators.

    它的神秘航行激发了诗歌、小说、歌剧的灵感，似乎还有大批的模仿者。

    According to a new study in Nature, three-quarters of all industrial fishing vessels² and a quarter of transport and energy ships (a category that includes oil tankers³, cargo⁴ ships, passenger ships and support vessels), have been left out of previous tallies⁵ of human activity at sea.

    根据《自然》杂志的一项新研究，四分之三的工业渔船和四分之一的运输和能源船(包括油轮、货船、客船和支援船)被排除在之前的人类海上活动统计之外。

    The oversight⁶ is substantial—the UN has previously⁷ calculated that the maritime economy represents a value of $1.5trn a year.

    这一疏忽是实质性的——联合国此前曾计算过，海洋经济每年的价值为1.5万亿美元。

    The underestimate suggests current mapping techniques cannot be relied upon for an accurate picture of seafaring practice.

    这种低估表明，目前的制图技术不能依赖于航海实践的准确图景。

    Most public mapping is done through the automatic identification system (AIS), which relies on ships to broadcast their location, identity and activities to those onshore.

    大多数公共地图是通过自动识别系统完成的，该系统依靠海上船只向岸上的船只播报其位置、身份和活动。

    But coverage⁸ is patchy.

    但覆盖范围并不完整。

    The European Union requires AIS broadcasts from all ships longer than 15m, while Americans spare those shorter than 19m.

    欧盟要求所有长度超过15米的船只发射AIS信号，而美国则不要求长度小于19米的船只发射AIS信号。

    China, Japan and South Korea have no specific AIS regulations.

    中国、日本和韩国没有具体的AIS法规。

    Large areas of the world, including much of the Pacific and South Atlantic, have poor AIS reception.

    世界上大部分地区，包括太平洋和南大西洋的大部分地区，AIS接收效果都很差。

    Much of the missing tonnage has its origins in Asia, where the number of untracked vessels exceeds those from all other continents combined.

    大部分遗漏的船舶吨位来自亚洲，在亚洲，未追踪船只的数量超过了所有其他大洲的总和。

    Other hotspots for dark sailing include the Gulf⁹ of Mexico and regions on the northern and north-western coasts of Africa.

    其他适合暗夜航行的热点地区还包括墨西哥湾以及非洲北部和西北海岸地区。

    The latest analysis was undertaken by researchers led by Global Fishing Watch, a non-profit organisation¹⁰ that builds maps and technology to track activity on the world’s oceans.

    最新的分析是由全球渔业观察组织领导的研究人员进行的。全球渔业观察组织是一个非营利组织，致力于绘制地图和发展技术来追踪世界上的海洋活动。

1 maritime   

adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的

参考例句：

• Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
• The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。

2 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

4 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

5 tallies   

n.账( tally的名词复数 )；符合；（计数的）签；标签v.计算，清点( tally的第三人称单数 )；加标签（或标记）于；（使）符合；（使）吻合

参考例句：

• Cash on hand tallies with the figure in the accounts. 现款跟账上的数目没有出入。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He tallies his own marks. 他把自己的得分记了下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 oversight   

n.勘漏，失察，疏忽

参考例句：

• I consider this a gross oversight on your part.我把这件事看作是你的一大疏忽。
• Your essay was not marked through an oversight on my part.由于我的疏忽你的文章没有打分。

7 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

8 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

9 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

10 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。