2023年经济学人 本届奥斯卡: 这意味着战争

 

本届奥斯卡: 这意味着战争

    Culture

    文艺版块

    This means war

    这意味着战争

    War is the theme of the Oscars, even in films that seem to be about something else.

    战争是今年奥斯卡的主题，即使那些看似关于其他主题的影片也不例外。

    Tomorrow, on the mainland, "the Free State lads are executing a couple of the IRA lads," says a brutish policeman on Inisherin, a fictional¹ island off Ireland’s west coast.

    在爱尔兰西海岸的一个虚构岛屿伊尼舍林岛上，一名野蛮的警察说，明天，在主岛上，"自由州的小伙子们将处决几个爱尔兰共和军的小伙子"。

    It is 1923 and civil war rages on.

    那是1923年，内战仍在肆虐。

    "Or is it the other way around?"

    "还是情况反过来呢？"

    Whoever is executing whom, he is heading over to lend a hand.

    不管谁处决谁，他都要过去搭把手。

    "For six bob and a free lunch, I don’t care.""只要30便士和一顿免费午餐，我不在乎。"

    "The Banshees of Inisherin", which is up for nine Academy Awards at the ceremony on March 12th, is ostensibly the story of a ruptured² friendship.

    《伊尼舍林的报丧女妖》在3月12日的颁奖典礼上获得九项奥斯卡提名，这部电影表面上讲述的是友谊破裂的故事。

    But it is also a war film—even though the shooting remains³ out of sight across the water.

    但这也是一部战争电影--尽管在大海的另一边，枪战无法看见。

    It shares that theme with most of the Oscars front-runners.

    它与大多数奥斯卡领跑电影都有同样的战争主题。

    War rumbles⁴ through the nominations⁵, on the surface or audibly below it.

    各项提名中回荡着战争的轰鸣之声，这声音或现于表面，或于表面之下清晰可闻。

    On Inisherin, the row between Pádraic (played by Colin Farrell) and Colm (Brendan Gleeson) flares⁶ up in a time of war and mimics⁷ its rhythms.

    在伊尼舍林，派瑞克(科林·法瑞尔饰)和科尔姆(布兰登·格里森饰)之间的争吵在战争时期爆发了，并模仿了战争的节奏。

    Life is too short to waste any more of it in nice-but-dull Pádraic’s company, decides Colm, when he could be composing music for his fiddle⁸.

    科尔姆拿定主意，生命太短暂了，不能再在友善但乏味的派瑞克的陪伴下浪费更多时间，而他本可以去写一些小提琴乐曲。

    Pádraic disagrees about what matters, what lasts and whether the two are the same.

    派瑞克对什么是重要的、什么是长久的，以及这两者是否相同持有不同意见。

    Like many a casus belli, theirs seems both foolish and profound.

    就像许多交战理由一样，他们的理由看起来既愚蠢又深刻。

    Colm is a grouchy⁹ crank—or perhaps has seen life for what it is.

    科尔姆是一个脾气不好的人--或者说他也许已经看到了生活的本来面目。

    And like many conflicts, theirs involves misunderstanding, escalation¹⁰ and self-mutilation:

    也和许多冲突一样，他们的冲突涉及误解、冲突升级和自残：

    Colm resolves to chop off his fingers if Pádraic insists on speaking to him.

    如果派瑞克坚持要与他交谈，科尔姆就决心砍下自己的手指。

    Their private war makes them different people.

    他们的私人战争使他们成为不同的人。

    The sense of queasy¹¹ intimacy¹² with an enemy suffuses¹³ the most powerful scene in "All Quiet on the Western Front" (also nominated for nine Oscars).

    在《西线无战事》(也获得九项奥斯卡提名)最有力的一幕中，弥漫着与敌人之间紧张不安的亲密感。

    Stuck in a first-world-war shell hole with a French soldier, Paul (Felix Kammerer), the German protagonist¹⁴, cannot decide whether to kill or embrace him.

    主人公是德国的保罗(费利克斯·卡默雷尔饰)，一战时他和一名法国士兵被困在弹坑里，无法下定决心是杀死他还是拥抱他。

    This is war as an industrial-scale, merciless hell.

    这是一场工业规模的战争，是残酷无情的地狱。

    Surrendering troops are incinerated by flame-throwers, death is agonising and obscene.

    投降的军队被火焰喷射者焚烧，死亡是痛苦不堪且道德沦丧的。

    The first German-made adaptation of Erich Maria Remarque’s novel of 1928, "All Quiet on the Western Front" is plainly about war.

    根据埃里希·玛利亚·雷马克1928年的小说首次改编的德国电影《西线无战事》显然是关于战争的。

    But it is also about food.

    但它也是关于食物的。

    The soldiers talk and sing about it.

    士兵们谈论食物，歌唱食物。

    They snatch it from dying comrades and pilfer¹⁵ it from locals.

    他们从垂死的战友那里抢走食物，从当地人那里偷走食物。

    While the sybaritic top brass¹⁶ toss meat to their dogs, or query¹⁷ the freshness of their croissants, ordinary soldiers wolf down the rations¹⁸ in the trenches¹⁹ they storm.

    当骄奢享乐的高级军官把肉扔给自己狗时，或者怀疑他们的牛角面包不够新鲜时，普通士兵则在攻占下来的战壕里狼吞虎咽地吃下定量口粮。

    Their two primitive²⁰ imperatives²¹ are to survive and to find something to eat, even at their peril²².

    士兵们的两个原始要务是生存和找到食物，即使是冒着巨大危险。

    "Top Gun: Maverick²³" (six nominations) has the outline and kit²⁴ of a war film.

    《壮志凌云2: 独行侠》(获六项提名)具备战争电影的框架和全套要素。

    At its daredevil climax²⁵, Maverick (Tom Cruise), back in his shades, leather jacket and cockpit after 36 years, must blow up a uranium-enrichment plant in a nameless rogue²⁶ state.

    在影片大胆惊险的高潮处，阔别36年后，独行侠(汤姆·克鲁斯饰)又戴着墨镜、穿着皮夹克，登上飞机驾驶舱，必须炸毁一个没有名字的流氓国家的铀浓缩工厂。

    But the real clashes here are among the ego-addled American fighter pilots, and, above all, between Maverick’s analogue²⁷ heroism²⁸ and the automated²⁹ march of time.

    但这里，真正的冲突发生在因自负而头脑不清的美国战斗机飞行员之间，最重要的是，还发生在独行侠指针式钟表般的老式英雄主义和已自动化的时代前进之间。

    "The future is coming," a commander tells him, "and you're not in it.""未来就要到来了，"一个指挥官对他说，"而你不在其中。"He’ll see about that.

    但独行侠会想办法的。

    Storytelling, it is true, always runs on conflict.

    诚然，故事总是围绕冲突展开的。

    Man versus³⁰ fate, or nature, or society, or another man (or woman): typologies of it abound³¹ online and in creative-writing seminars.

    男人与命运，或自然，或社会，或另一个男人(或女人)：在网上和创意写作研讨会上，这方面的类型学俯拾皆是。

    As Kurt Vonnegut enjoined³², "every character should want something, even if it is only a glass of water."正如库尔特·冯内古特所嘱咐的那样，"每个角色都应该想要某些东西，哪怕只是想要一杯水。"Someone or something gets in the way, and the ensuing friction³³ forges characters, generates tension and drives the plot.

    某人或某事挡住了去路，随之而来的摩擦塑造人物，产生张力，推动情节发展。

    Even so, the martial³⁴ drumbeat of this year’s Oscars seems loud, chiming with the concussions³⁵ from Ukraine and the bellicose³⁶ timbre³⁷ of wider politics.

    即便如此，今年奥斯卡的军鼓之音也很响亮，与乌克兰的震荡和更广泛的政界中的尚武之音产生共鸣。

    Take the suite³⁸ of conflicts in "Tár" (also six nominations).

    以《塔尔》中一系列的冲突为例(同样获得六项提名)。

    At first the film seems to be a dispatch from the cultural sort of war,起初，这部电影像是类似文化战争的一封快信，as Lydia Tár (Cate Blanchett), maestro of the Berlin Philharmonic, riles a class of young musicians with her old-school insistence³⁹ on separating art from the artist.

    柏林爱乐乐团的指挥家莉迪亚·塔尔(凯特·布兰切特饰)坚持将艺术与艺术家分开，其老派思想激怒了一群年轻的音乐家。

    When a student who identifies "as a BIPOC pangender person" has issues with "white, male, Cis composers", she brusquely says people ought not to be "so eager to be offended".

    当一名自称是"BIPOC(黑人、原住民及有色人种)泛性别者"的学生对"白色人种、男性、顺性别作曲家"感到不满时，塔尔语气生硬地说，人们不应该"这么急于让人冒犯自己"。

    But the hot-button spats⁴⁰ turn out to be camouflage⁴¹ for the film’s more important war: between Tár and her past and conscience.

    但这些对敏感问题的争吵其实是影片中更重要的战争的伪装：塔尔和她的过去以及良心之间的战争。

    A walking, baton-wielding will to power, she tyrannises her underlings, exploits her rights of patronage⁴², cheats on her wife, drives fast and punches hard.

    作为一个挥舞着指挥棒的、行走的权力欲望体，她像暴君般对待下属、利用赞助权谋利、对妻子出轨、飞快地开车、重拳打人。

    Yet she is haunted, and undone⁴³, by uncanny motifs⁴⁴ and memories—disembodied screams, the image of a maze⁴⁵, a head of red hair.

    然而，她被离奇的主题和记忆所缠扰，并最终崩溃--不见其人的尖叫声，迷宫的形象，一头红色的头发。

    In a sequence that hovers⁴⁶ between realism and nightmare, Tár descends⁴⁷ into a basement and is stalked by a spectral⁴⁸ dog.

    在一组游荡于现实主义和噩梦之间的镜头中，塔尔走进地下室，身后跟着一只幽灵般的狗。

    Down there, below the surface, an elementary, eternal conflict is fought and often lost: the one against yourself.

    在那里，在表象之下，一场基本的、永恒的冲突正在进行，而且往往以失败告终：这是一场对自己的战争。

1 fictional   

adj.小说的，虚构的

参考例句：

• The names of the shops are entirely fictional.那些商店的名字完全是虚构的。
• The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius.这两位作者代表了天才小说家两个极端。

2 ruptured   

v.（使）破裂( rupture的过去式和过去分词 )；（使体内组织等）断裂；使（友好关系）破裂；使绝交

参考例句：

• They reported that the pipeline had ruptured. 他们报告说管道已经破裂了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The wall through Berlin was finally ruptured, prefiguring the reunification of Germany. 柏林墙终于倒塌了，预示着德国的重新统一。 来自辞典例句

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 rumbles   

隆隆声，辘辘声( rumble的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• If I hear any rumbles I'll let you know. 我要是听到什么风声就告诉你。
• Three blocks away train rumbles by. 三个街区以外，火车隆隆驶过。

5 nominations   

n.提名，任命( nomination的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句

6 flares   

n.喇叭裤v.（使）闪耀( flare的第三人称单数 )；（使）（船舷）外倾；（使）鼻孔张大；（使）（衣裙、酒杯等）呈喇叭形展开

参考例句：

• The side of a ship flares from the keel to the deck. 船舷从龙骨向甲板外倾。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation. 他是火爆性子，一点就着。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 mimics   

n.模仿名人言行的娱乐演员，滑稽剧演员( mimic的名词复数 )；善于模仿的人或物v.（尤指为了逗乐而）模仿( mimic的第三人称单数 )；酷似

参考例句：

• Methods:Models were generate by CT scan,Mimics software and Abaqus software. 方法：采用CT扫描，Mimics软件和Abaqus软件的CAD进行三维有限元模型的创建。 来自互联网
• Relaxing the mind and body mimics the effect that some blood-pressure pills would have. 放松身心会产生某些降压药才能产生的效果。 来自辞典例句

8 fiddle   

n.小提琴；vi.拉提琴；不停拨弄，乱动

参考例句：

• She plays the fiddle well.她小提琴拉得好。
• Don't fiddle with the typewriter.不要摆弄那架打字机了。

9 grouchy   

adj.好抱怨的；愠怒的

参考例句：

• Grouchy people are always complaining for no reason.满腹牢骚的人总是毫无理由地抱怨。
• Sometimes she is grouchy, but all in all she is an excellent teacher.有时候她的脾气很坏，但总的来说她还是一位好老师。

10 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

11 queasy   

adj.易呕的

参考例句：

• I felt a little queasy on the ship.我在船上觉得有点晕眩想呕吐。
• He was very prone to seasickness and already felt queasy.他快晕船了，已经感到恶心了。

12 intimacy   

n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行

参考例句：

• His claims to an intimacy with the President are somewhat exaggerated.他声称自己与总统关系密切，这有点言过其实。
• I wish there were a rule book for intimacy.我希望能有个关于亲密的规则。

13 suffuses   

v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• A rosy glow that suffuses snow-covered mountain peaks at a clear day. 她困恼的最顶点出现在一个覆盖著冰雪的纽西兰山上一时的无力感。 来自互联网

14 protagonist   

n.(思想观念的)倡导者；主角，主人公

参考例句：

• The protagonist reforms in the end and avoids his proper punishment.戏剧主角最后改过自新并避免了他应受的惩罚。
• He is the model for the protagonist in the play.剧本中的主人公就是以他为模特儿创作的！

15 pilfer   

v.盗，偷，窃

参考例句：

• Staff were pilfering behind the bar.店员在柜台后有些小偷小摸的行为。
• When food stores close,they go to work,pilfering food for resale on the black market.食品店关门后，他们就行动起来，偷食品拿到黑市上出售。

16 brass   

n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器

参考例句：

• Many of the workers play in the factory's brass band.许多工人都在工厂铜管乐队中演奏。
• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc.黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。

17 query   

n.疑问，问号，质问；vt.询问，表示怀疑

参考例句：

• I query very much whether it is wise to act so hastily.我真怀疑如此操之过急地行动是否明智。
• They raised a query on his sincerity.他们对他是否真诚提出质疑。

18 rations   

定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量

参考例句：

• They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
• The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。

19 trenches   

深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕

参考例句：

• life in the trenches 第一次世界大战期间的战壕生活
• The troops stormed the enemy's trenches and fanned out across the fields. 部队猛攻敌人的战壕，并在田野上呈扇形散开。

20 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

21 imperatives   

n.必要的事( imperative的名词复数 )；祈使语气；必须履行的责任

参考例句：

• Nixon, however, had other imperatives. 但尼克松另有需要。 来自辞典例句
• There could be some cultural imperatives in there somewhere! 在公共传播那里，在某些方面，可能有更迫切的文化需要！ 来自互联网

22 peril   

n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物

参考例句：

• The refugees were in peril of death from hunger.难民有饿死的危险。
• The embankment is in great peril.河堤岌岌可危。

23 maverick   

adj.特立独行的；不遵守传统的；n.持异议者，自行其是者

参考例句：

• He's a maverick.He has his own way of thinking about things.他是个特异独行的人。对事情有自己的看法。
• You're a maverick and you'll try anything.你是个爱自行其是的人，样样事情都要尝试一下。

24 kit   

n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物

参考例句：

• The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
• The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。

25 climax   

n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点

参考例句：

• The fifth scene was the climax of the play.第五场是全剧的高潮。
• His quarrel with his father brought matters to a climax.他与他父亲的争吵使得事态发展到了顶点。

26 rogue   

n.流氓；v.游手好闲

参考例句：

• The little rogue had his grandpa's glasses on.这淘气鬼带上了他祖父的眼镜。
• They defined him as a rogue.他们确定他为骗子。

27 analogue   

n.类似物；同源语

参考例句：

• The gill of a fish is the analogue of the lung of a cat.鱼的鳃和猫的肺是类似物。
• But aside from that analogue standby,the phone, videoconferencing is their favorite means of communication.除了备用的相似物电话，可视对话是他们最喜欢的沟通手段。

28 heroism   

n.大无畏精神，英勇

参考例句：

• He received a medal for his heroism.他由于英勇而获得一枚奖章。
• Stories of his heroism resounded through the country.他的英雄故事传遍全国。

29 automated   

a.自动化的

参考例句：

• The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
• Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS)，作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。

30 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

31 abound   

vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于

参考例句：

• Oranges abound here all the year round.这里一年到头都有很多橙子。
• But problems abound in the management of State-owned companies.但是在国有企业的管理中仍然存在不少问题。

32 enjoined   

v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The embezzler was severely punished and enjoined to kick back a portion of the stolen money each month. 贪污犯受到了严厉惩罚，并被责令每月退还部分赃款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She enjoined me strictly not to tell anyone else. 她严令我不准告诉其他任何人。 来自辞典例句

33 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

34 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

35 concussions   

n.震荡( concussion的名词复数 )；脑震荡；冲击；震动

参考例句：

• People who have concussions often trouble thinking or remembering. 患脑震荡的人通常存在思考和记忆障碍。 来自互联网
• Concussions also make a person feel very tired or angry. 脑震荡也会使人感觉疲倦或愤怒。 来自互联网

36 bellicose   

adj.好战的；好争吵的

参考例句：

• He expressed alarm about the government's increasingly bellicose statements.他对政府越来越具挑衅性的声明表示担忧。
• Some irresponsible politicians made a bellicose remarks.一些不负责任的政客说出一些好战的话语。

37 timbre   

n.音色，音质

参考例句：

• His voice had a deep timbre.他嗓音低沉。
• The timbre of the violin is far richer than that of the mouth organ.小提琴的音色远比口琴丰富。

38 suite   

n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员

参考例句：

• She has a suite of rooms in the hotel.她在那家旅馆有一套房间。
• That is a nice suite of furniture.那套家具很不错。

39 insistence   

n.坚持；强调；坚决主张

参考例句：

• They were united in their insistence that she should go to college.他们一致坚持她应上大学。
• His insistence upon strict obedience is correct.他坚持绝对服从是对的。

40 spats   

n.口角( spat的名词复数 )；小争吵；鞋罩；鞋套v.spit的过去式和过去分词( spat的第三人称单数 )；口角；小争吵；鞋罩

参考例句：

• Gasoline is a solvent liquid that removes grease spats. 汽油是一种能脱去油迹的有溶解能力的液体。 来自辞典例句
• Then spats took a catnap, and the bird looked out for dogs. 然后斯派茨小睡了一会儿。小鸟为它站岗放哨，防止狗跑过来。 来自互联网

41 camouflage   

n./v.掩饰，伪装

参考例句：

• The white fur of the polar bear is a natural camouflage.北极熊身上的白色的浓密软毛是一种天然的伪装。
• The animal's markings provide effective camouflage.这种动物身上的斑纹是很有效的伪装。

42 patronage   

n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场

参考例句：

• Though it was not yet noon,there was considerable patronage.虽然时间未到中午，店中已有许多顾客惠顾。
• I am sorry to say that my patronage ends with this.很抱歉，我的赞助只能到此为止。

43 undone   

a.未做完的，未完成的

参考例句：

• He left nothing undone that needed attention.所有需要注意的事他都注意到了。

44 motifs   

n. （文艺作品等的）主题( motif的名词复数 )；中心思想；基本模式；基本图案

参考例句：

• I try to develop beyond the old motifs. 我力求对传统的花纹图案做到推陈出新。 来自辞典例句
• American Dream is one of the most important motifs of American literature. “美国梦”是美国文学最重要的母题之一。 来自互联网

45 maze   

n.迷宫，八阵图，混乱，迷惑

参考例句：

• He found his way through the complex maze of corridors.他穿过了迷宮一样的走廊。
• She was lost in the maze for several hours.一连几小时，她的头脑处于一片糊涂状态。

46 hovers   

鸟( hover的第三人称单数 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫

参考例句：

• A hawk hovers in the sky. 一只老鹰在天空盘旋。
• A hen hovers her chicks. 一只母鸡在孵小鸡。

47 descends   

v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜

参考例句：

• This festival descends from a religious rite. 这个节日起源于宗教仪式。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The path descends steeply to the village. 小路陡直而下直到村子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

48 spectral   

adj.幽灵的，鬼魂的

参考例句：

• At times he seems rather ordinary.At other times ethereal,perhaps even spectral.有时他好像很正常，有时又难以捉摸，甚至像个幽灵。
• She is compelling,spectral fascinating,an unforgettably unique performer.她极具吸引力，清幽如鬼魅，令人着迷，令人难忘，是个独具特色的演员。