美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普宣布美国将暂停资助世卫组织

The World Health Organization said today that it is reviewing its finances and looking to fill gaps after President Trump¹ announced he is suspending payments to the WHO. Trump is blaming the WHO for mismanaging the global response to the coronavirus pandemic. He also, without producing any evidence, accuses the global health agency of conspiring² with Beijing to cover up the extent of the initial outbreak. The U.S. is the largest donor³ to the WHO.

世界卫生组织（简称WHO）今天表示，在特朗普总统宣布暂停向世卫组织提供资金后，该组织正在审查其财政状况并寻求填补空缺。特朗普指责世卫组织在领导全球应对冠状病毒大流行方面处理不当。他还在没有提供任何证据的情况下，指责这个全球卫生机构与中国合谋，掩盖疫情初期的严重程度。美国是世卫组织最大的捐助国。

And joining me now to talk about all of this is NPR global health correspondent Jason Beaubien.

下面我们将连线NPR新闻的全球卫生记者杰森·博宾，请他介绍详细情况。

Hey, Jason.

你好，杰森。

JASON BEAUBIEN, BYLINE⁴: Hey, Ailsa.

杰森·博宾连线：你好，阿尔萨。

CHANG: So what's been the WHO's reaction to all this — this announcement from President Trump?

张：世卫组织对特朗普总统宣布的决定有何反应？

BEAUBIEN: I think it's fair to say shock, disbelief. Backers of the WHO called the move lunacy in the midst of the worst global pandemic in a hundred years. The head of emergencies for the WHO, Mike Ryan, in a press conference today from Geneva — he just gave this spirited defense⁵ of the WHO's response to this crisis.

博宾：我认为可以用震惊和难以置信来形容。世卫组织的支持者称，在100年来最严重的全球大流行病期间，这一举动完全是愚蠢的行为。今天，在日内瓦举行的记者会上，世卫组织应急方案执行主任迈克·瑞安为该组织对这一危机的应对进行了坚定的辩护。

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

（记者会音频）

MIKE RYAN: In the first weeks of January, WHO was very, very clear. We alerted the world in January the 5. Systems around the world, including the U.S., began to activate⁶ their incident management systems on January the 6.

迈克·瑞安：在1月的前几个星期里，世卫组织进行了明确说明。我们在1月5日向全球发出了警报。包括美国在内，世界各地的系统都于1月6日开始启动其事件管理系统。

BEAUBIEN: One of the things that Trump said was part of the WHO's mishandling of this whole thing was the WHO not supporting a blanket ban on travel to and from China. So first of all, the WHO almost always lobbies against these kind of travel restrictions⁷. They're a U.N. agency. They're governed by their 194 member states, and they don't want to take action that targets one of their members. And Ryan tried to explain the WHO's role on any travel ban.

博宾：特朗普称世卫组织对整件事处理不当，他提到的其中一点是，世卫组织未支持全面禁止往返中国的旅行。首先，世卫组织几乎一直在游说反对这种旅行限制。世卫组织是联合国机构。由194个成员国管理，该组织不想采取针对某个成员国的举措。瑞安试图解释世卫组织在旅行禁令方面的作用。

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

（记者会音频）

RYAN: The imposition of flight restrictions by countries is the sovereign right of any member state. WHO does not control the law on this. WHO's only function is to challenge member states who put in place restrictions to ensure that they have a public health justification⁸.

瑞安：各国实施飞行限制是任何成员国的主权。世卫组织并不控制这方面的相关法律。世卫组织唯一的职能是向实施限制的成员国提出挑战，以确保他们有公共卫生理由。

BEAUBIEN: And to make public what that health justification is for the travel ban.

博宾：并公布实施旅行禁令的卫生理由。

CHANG: Well, let's talk a little bit more about that. I mean, can you explain exactly what is the role of the WHO? Like, when there's a deadly outbreak, what power does the agency have to say, contain this virus in China? Could it really have done that much?

张：我们来详细谈论一下。你能明确解释一下世卫组织的作用吗？在出现致命疫情时，比如控制中国的病毒疫情，该组织有什么权力？其真的能做到吗？

BEAUBIEN: You know, they're part of the U.N. bureaucracy. Their role is to support and advise member countries. They provide technical advice. They try to get researchers from all over the world to coordinate⁹ their research. You know, right now, they're working with the World Food Program to ferry medical supplies to countries in Africa that have hardly any PPE.

博宾：世卫组织隶属于联合国官僚机构。其作用是支持成员国并为成员国提供建议。该组织提供技术性建议。他们试图让世界各地的研究人员协调他们的研究。目前，世卫组织正在与世界粮食计划署合作，将医疗用品运送到几乎没有个人防护用品的非洲国家。

But again, they work at the will of their member countries. So President Trump is denouncing the WHO for not coming down hard on China, for undercounting cases or downplaying its death rate. But that's not their role.

但是，世卫组织按照各成员国的意愿工作。特朗普总统谴责世卫组织未对中国采取强硬措施，隐瞒病例或淡化死亡率。但这并不是世卫组织的角色。

CHANG: Interesting. Well, the U.S. is the biggest source of funding for the WHO, as we've said. So how dramatic do you think the impact of cutting that funding's going to be?

张：这值得注意。我们刚才提到，美国是世卫组织最大的资金来源国。那在你看来，暂停资助会有多大影响？

BEAUBIEN: It could be pretty dramatic. You know, the U.S. is the largest donor to the WHO — provides over 20% of the agency's funding. The WHO, more than any other agency in the world, has been in the midst of this epic¹⁰ battle against COVID-19. You know, and that battle — there's nowhere near over. The WHO is very concerned about how the coronavirus could play out in Africa and India and other low-income settings. You know, they're trying to get additional medical supplies and protective equipment into many of these countries, and that takes resources. So yeah, the U.S. pulling funding — it's a huge blow.

博宾：影响可能相当严重。美国是世卫组织最大的捐助国，所提供资金在该组织的资金来源中占比超过20%。相比于世界上其他任何机构，世卫组织在这场抗击新冠肺炎的史诗级战役中发挥着核心作用。而且这场战役远未结束。世卫组织非常关注新冠病毒在非洲、印度及其他低收入地区的传播情况。该组织正试图将更多的医疗用品和防护设备运送到这些国家，而这需要资源。因此，美国撤资是一个巨大的打击。

CHANG: That is NPR global health correspondent Jason Beaubien.

张：以上是NPR新闻的全球卫生记者杰森·博宾带来的报道。

Thank you, Jason.

谢谢你，杰森。

BEAUBIEN: You're welcome, Ailsa.

博宾：不客气，阿尔萨。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 conspiring   

密谋( conspire的现在分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致

参考例句：

• They were accused of conspiring against the king. 他们被指控阴谋反对国王。
• John Brown and his associates were tried for conspiring to overthrow the slave states. 约翰·布朗和他的合伙者们由于密谋推翻实行奴隶制度的美国各州而被审讯。

3 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

6 activate   

vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用

参考例句：

• We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
• These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。

7 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

8 justification   

n.正当的理由；辩解的理由

参考例句：

• There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
• In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。

9 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

10 epic   

n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的

参考例句：

• I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.我放弃了写叙事诗，而写了这个小故事。
• They held a banquet of epic proportions.他们举行了盛大的宴会。