美国国家公共电台 NPR 叙利亚前情报官员德国受审 被控危害人类罪

For the first time, Syrian officials are going to trial to face accusations¹ of war crimes. The trial starts tomorrow in a courtroom in Germany. It's two former Syrian officials who are charged. This is all the result of evidence gathered over years, and it happens as the Syrian regime seems to be on the verge² of winning that country's long civil war. NPR's Deborah Amos has been covering this case. She joins me now.

叙利亚官员将首次接受审判，面临战争罪指控。审判将于明天在德国一家法庭开始。遭到起诉的是两名前叙利亚官员。这是数年来收集到的证据带来的结果，而这发生时，叙利亚政权似乎即将赢得该国漫长的内战。NPR新闻的黛博拉·阿莫斯一直在报道这起案件。现在她将和我连线。

Hey, Deb.

你好，黛布。

DEBORAH AMOS, BYLINE³: Hi there.

黛博拉·阿莫斯连线：你好。

KELLY: Who is on trial, and what exactly are they charged with?

凯利：谁在受审，他们被控的具体罪名是什么？

AMOS: A former Syrian intelligence officer and an accomplice⁴. They'll face Syrian torture survivors⁵ in a German court. The charges are crimes against humanity. There are some big ideas here — accountability, a war crimes trial in a national court, Germany, at a time when the international system of tribunals is stalled because Russia, a Syrian regime ally, has veto power at the U.N.

阿莫斯：一名前叙利亚情报官员和一名同谋。他们将在德国一家法庭面对叙利亚酷刑的幸存者。他们面临的指控是危害人类罪。这里涉及一些重要的想法——问责，在德国国家法庭进行战争罪审判，而且此时国际法庭系统已经陷入停滞，因为叙利亚政权的盟友俄罗斯在联合国拥有否决权。

KELLY: OK.

凯利：好。

AMOS: Here's another big idea. German prosecutors⁶ are using the legal principle of universal jurisdiction⁷, and that means German law allows for prosecutions⁸ of crimes against humanity, torture, even though the defendant⁹ and the plaintiffs are not German citizens.

阿莫斯：还有一个重要的想法。德国检察官正在应用普遍管辖权的法律原则，也就是说，德国法律允许起诉危害人类罪和酷刑，即使被告和原告不是德国公民。

KELLY: Fascinating. So that's the exact — what they're being charged with, crimes against humanity?

凯利：不可思议。那他们被起诉的罪名就是危害人类罪吗？

AMOS: Exactly.

阿莫斯：没错。

KELLY: OK. I said this is — has come about because of evidence gathered over years. How did prosecutors build this case?

凯利：好。我刚提到起诉是基于多年来收集到的证据。那检察官是如何办案的？

AMOS: Well, I have to say that the Syrian regime has repeatedly denied all torture allegations, but the evidence is overwhelming. First, there are photographs — thousands — smuggled¹⁰ out of Syria by a police photographer, images of bruised¹¹ and battered¹² corpses¹³. And they're tagged with dates and prison numbers. And then there's a trove¹⁴ of government documents. It was collected by Syrian activists¹⁵, smuggled out to the Commission for International Justice and Accountability, CIJA. It's an independent nonprofit — more than 800,000 documents.

阿莫斯：我必须要说，叙利亚政权一再否认所有酷刑指控，但证据确凿。首先，有警方摄影师从叙利亚偷运出来的数千张照片，照片上是伤痕累累的尸体。上面有日期和监狱号码。还有大量政府文件。这些文件由叙利亚活动人士收集，被偷运到国际司法和问责委员会（简称CIJA）。这是一个独立非营利机构，涉及文件超过80万份。

And here's Chris Engels. He's director of investigation¹⁶ for CIJA. Those documents are part of the evidence in the German court.

来听一下克里斯·恩格斯的看法。他是国际司法和问责委员会的负责人。这些文件是德国法庭证据的一部分。

CHRIS ENGELS: What we hope to do with the documents is demonstrate who is in charge. And those documents, I think, are quite strong. What we need to do then is tie to that proof that abuse occurred under their watch. And that's where the importance of the victim testimony¹⁷ comes into play.

克里斯·恩格斯：我们希望用这些文件证明谁是负责人。我认为这些文件是相当有力的证据。之后，我们需要将这与他们监管下发生的虐待证据联系起来。这就是受害者证词发挥作用的重要性。

AMOS: Now, about a dozen Syrian torture victims are plaintiffs in this case. They'll tell their story in court. They'll face the accused, who's charged with crimes against humanity. Engels says this trial is about more than one mid-level official. The documents show systematic¹⁸ abuse across prisons in Syria.

阿莫斯：约12名叙利亚酷刑受害者是本案的原告。他们将在法庭上讲述自已的故事。他们将面对被控危害人类罪的被告。恩格斯表示，这次审判涉及不止一名中级官员。文件显示，叙利亚监狱存在系统化虐待行为。

ENGELS: It's quite clear the responsibility for that abuse goes all the way to the top.

恩格斯：很明显，要为这种虐待行为承担责任者可一直溯源到最高层。

KELLY: Deb, it's so striking, the image that it will be about a dozen torture victims who were the plaintiffs, who will be in court facing off against the men who've been charged. It prompts me to ask about all of the other people who have been tortured in this war. There are millions of Syrian refugees all over the world. Are they watching this particular trial closely?

凯利：黛布，这太令人震惊了，约12名酷刑受害者是原告，他们将在法庭上与被告对峙。这使我想询问在这场战争中遭受酷刑的其他人的情况。数百万名叙利亚难民遍布全球。他们是否在密切关注这场审判？

AMOS: I think many are, and here's one, Omar Alshogre. He's not testifying, but he survived three years in a Syrian prison.

阿莫斯：我认为许多人会关注，奥马尔·阿尔索格就是其中之一。他并没有作证，但他在叙利亚监狱度过了三年并存活了下来。

OMAR ALSHOGRE: I'm not sure if I can sleep the night before. I'm going to be thinking about those who are going to be standing¹⁹ in the court. It's so hurtful and painful. And it's powerful at the same time when you stand in front of the guy who ordered torture.

奥马尔·阿尔索格：我不确定前一天晚上能否入睡。我会想到那些将现身法庭的人。这真是既伤人又痛苦。但当你站在那些下令严刑拷打的人面前时，也是强大的。

KELLY: Powerful to hear that. And, Deb, just to situate this in the bigger context, in Syria, we mentioned it looks like the regime led by Bashar al-Assad, that he is going to win. Does that make this trial more significant in the sense that it's going to be one of the few vehicles for accountability?

凯利：听到这个会感觉到力量。黛布，请将这放到更大的背景下，我们此前提到过，看起来巴沙尔·阿萨德领导的叙利亚政权即将获得胜利。这是否会令这一审判更具意义？因为这将成为为数不多的问责工具之一。

AMOS: Look. This conflict was incredibly brutal²⁰ — using starvation, torture, besieging²¹ towns, denying medical treatment. And there will be autocrats²² across the region watching to see if there is accountability to these tactics.

阿莫斯：你看，这场冲突极为残酷——饥饿、酷刑、包围城镇、拒绝医疗。这一地区的独裁者将关注这些策略是否要承担责任。

KELLY: Thank you, Deb.

凯利：谢谢你，黛布。

AMOS: Thank you.

阿莫斯：谢谢。

KELLY: NPR's Deborah Amos.

凯利：以上是NPR新闻的黛布拉·阿莫斯带来的报道。

1 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

2 verge   

n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 accomplice   

n.从犯，帮凶，同谋

参考例句：

• She was her husband's accomplice in murdering a rich old man.她是她丈夫谋杀一个老富翁的帮凶。
• He is suspected as an accomplice of the murder.他涉嫌为这次凶杀案的同谋。

5 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

6 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

7 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

8 prosecutions   

起诉( prosecution的名词复数 )； 原告； 实施； 从事

参考例句：

• It is the duty of the Attorney-General to institute prosecutions. 检察总长负责提起公诉。
• Since World War II, the government has been active in its antitrust prosecutions. 第二次世界大战以来，政府积极地进行着反对托拉斯的检举活动。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

9 defendant   

n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的

参考例句：

• The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
• The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。

10 smuggled   

水货

参考例句：

• The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Those smuggled goods have been detained by the port office. 那些走私货物被港务局扣押了。 来自互联网

11 bruised   

[医]青肿的，瘀紫的

参考例句：

• his bruised and bloodied nose 他沾满血的青肿的鼻子
• She had slipped and badly bruised her face. 她滑了一跤，摔得鼻青脸肿。

12 battered   

adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损

参考例句：

• He drove up in a battered old car.他开着一辆又老又破的旧车。
• The world was brutally battered but it survived.这个世界遭受了惨重的创伤,但它还是生存下来了。

13 corpses   

n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The living soldiers put corpses together and burned them. 活着的战士把尸体放在一起烧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Overhead, grayish-white clouds covered the sky, piling up heavily like decaying corpses. 天上罩满了灰白的薄云，同腐烂的尸体似的沉沉的盖在那里。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

14 trove   

n.被发现的东西，收藏的东西

参考例句：

• He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain.他收集了一批中国瓷器。
• The gallery is a treasure trove of medieval art.这个画廊是中世纪艺术的宝库。

15 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

17 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

18 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

19 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

20 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

21 besieging   

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• They constituted a near-insuperable obstacle to the besieging infantry. 它们就会形成围城步兵几乎不可逾越的障碍。
• He concentrated the sun's rays on the Roman ships besieging the city and burned them. 他把集中的阳光照到攻城的罗马船上，把它们焚毁。

22 autocrats   

n.独裁统治者( autocrat的名词复数 )；独断专行的人

参考例句：

• Still, the widespread pessimism doesn't explain the relatively high scores enjoyed by the autocrats. 不过，普遍的悲观情绪并没有解释为何独裁者得到相对较高的分数。 来自互联网