PBS高端访谈:在人们对变异新冠病毒的担忧中,新疫苗显示出希望

JUDY WOODRUFF: The drive to get more coronavirus vaccines² into more arms is gaining more momentum³ tonight. Findings on two new candidates could accelerate the effort. White House correspondent Yamiche Alcindor reports.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Today, all eyes on COVID-19 vaccines. Johnson and Johnson, a "NewsHour" funder, announced that trials show, overall, its vaccine¹ is 66 percent effective. That's not as strong as its Moderna and Pfizer rivals. Both of them are more than 90 percent effective. But at a White House task force briefing, the president's chief medical adviser⁴ on COVID, Dr.Anthony Fauci, said the Johnson and Johnson vaccine showed very encouraging results in the worst-cases.

DR.ANTHONY FAUCI, Director, National Institute of Allergy⁵ and Infectious Diseases: Overall, in the United States, in South Africa, and in Brazil, the overall efficacy for severe disease was 85 percent. There were essentially⁶ no hospitalizations or deaths in the vaccine group, whereas, in the placebo⁷ group, there were.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Fauci also noted⁸ that, unlike the other vaccines, Johnson and Johnson's requires just a single shot, and it does not need to be stored in super cold temperatures. That could cut the storage costs and help vaccinate⁹ more people in a shorter amount of time. In early February, the company intends to request from the Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization¹⁰. But there is a growing concern about how well any vaccines stand up to the new coronavirus variants¹². They're emerging around the world, including those first seen in Britain, Brazil, and especially the one first found in South Africa. Overall, the Johnson and Johnson vaccine tested 72 percent effective in the U.S., but against the South African variant¹¹, that number dropped to 57 percent. Also today, early findings showed that a fourth vaccine, this one from Novavax, is nearly 90 percent effective overall. But against the variant identified in South Africa, it was only 50 percent effective. All of the variants are now spreading across the U.S. And, today, Andy Slavitt, the senior White House adviser on COVID-19, said that means passing the president's $1.9 trillion COVID relief plan is more critical than ever.

ANDY SLAVITT, Senior White House Adviser For COVID Response: I couldn't urge people to -- people in the Congress to be more and more focused on the American Rescue Plan than I can, given the state of the variants.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The U.S. is now vaccinating¹³ more than one million Americans per day. So far, the nation has administered 26 million doses. At the same time, world leaders remain concerned about the vaccines equitable¹⁴ distribution. The secretary-general of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, is calling the problem a global emergency.

ANTONIO GUTERRES, United Nations Secretary-General: More than 70 million doses have been administered, less than 20,000 of these on the African continent. A global immunity¹⁵ gap puts everyone at risk.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: And, today, the head of the World Health Organization warned that hoarding¹⁶ vaccines will only make the pandemic worse for everyone. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Yamiche Alcindor.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：今晚，新冠疫苗接种正稳步推进。对两名新候选人的调查结果可能会加速这一发展。白宫记者亚米切·阿尔辛多报道。

亚米切·阿尔辛多：今天，所有人都在关注新冠疫苗。“新闻一小时”的投资商强生公司宣布，试验表明，该公司疫苗的有效率为66%。其效果差于竞争对手莫德纳和辉瑞。二者的有效率都在90%以上。但在白宫特别工作组的简报会上，总统的新冠疫情首席医疗顾问安东尼·福奇博士表示，对于最严重的患者，强生疫苗的效果令人欣慰。

国家过敏症和传染病研究所所长安东尼·福奇：总体而言，在美国、南非和巴西，疫苗对严重疾病的总体疗效为85%。疫苗组基本上没有住院或死亡案例，而安慰剂组则出现了这样的情况。

亚米切·阿尔辛多：福奇还指出，强生疫苗与其他疫苗不同，它只需接种一次，而且不需要在超低温下储存。这可以降低储存成本，帮助更多的人在更短的时间内接种疫苗。今年2月初，该公司拟向食品和药物管理局申请紧急使用授权。但人们越来越担心，疫苗能否抵抗新出现的变异新冠病毒。它们正在全球各地出现，包括那些最早出现在英国、巴西的，尤其是最早在南非发现的那些。总的来说，强生疫苗在美国测试的有效率为72%，但针对南非的变异病毒，这一数字下降到57%。同样在今天，早期的研究结果显示，第四种来自诺瓦克斯的疫苗，总体有效率接近90%。但针对南非发现的变异病毒，其有效率只有50%。所有的变异病毒现在都在美国蔓延。今天，白宫疫情应对小组高级顾问安迪·斯拉维特表示，这意味着通过总统1.9万亿美元的新冠救助计划比以往任何时候都更为关键。

白宫疫情应对小组高级顾问安迪·斯拉维特：考虑到新冠病毒变异的现状，我无法敦促国会的人们比我更关注美国的救助计划。

亚米切·阿尔辛多：美国现在每天给超过一百万美国人接种疫苗。到目前为止，全国已经注射了2600万剂。与此同时，世界各国领导人仍然对疫苗的公平分配感到关切。联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯称这个问题是全球性的紧急情况。

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯：已经接种了7000多万剂，其中不到2万剂在非洲大陆接种。全球免疫差距使每个人都处于危险之中。

亚米切·阿尔辛多：今天，世界卫生组织总干事警告说，囤积疫苗只会使疫情对所有人更不利。我是亚米奇·阿尔辛多。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

4 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

5 allergy   

n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症

参考例句：

• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
• The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。

6 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

7 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

9 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

10 authorization   

n.授权，委任状

参考例句：

• Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
• You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

11 variant   

adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体

参考例句：

• We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
• In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。

12 variants   

n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体

参考例句：

• Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
• Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句

13 vaccinating   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来，为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
• Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有，给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。

14 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。

15 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

16 hoarding   

n.贮藏；积蓄；临时围墙；囤积v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• After the war, they were shot for hoarding. 战后他们因囤积而被枪决。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Actually he had two unused ones which he was hoarding up. 其实他还藏了两片没有用呢。 来自英汉文学