PBS高端访谈:海地一个教父的宗教与医学使命

 　　JEFFREY BROWN: Now the story of a Catholic priest's journey as a doctor ministering through 25 years of Haiti's recent history.Fred De Sam Lazaro has the latest in our Agents for Change series.

　　A version of this report aired on the PBS program "Religion & Ethics¹ Newsweekly."

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: For 25 years, Father Rick Frechette's mission has been defined and redefined as Haiti has lurched through crisis and even catastrophe². He came to this impoverished³ Caribbean nation in 1987 after a few years in Mexico and Honduras to expand the mission of his Catholic religious order.

　　REV⁴. RICHARD FRECHETTE, Mission Leader: We came in fact to set up what we do everywhere, which is a home and school for orphan⁵ and abandoned children. We say orphanage⁶. It is just -- it's easier , but the fact is we have community of families. That's what we have, community of families that have been broken by tragedy.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Today, 800 children whose parents have died or whose families are unable to care for them are housed in several centers.

　　This one taking in the overflow⁷ functions out of converted shipping⁸ containers. The shelters' young managers themselves grew up here, like 22-year-old Billy Jean. His mother brought him here when he was 3.

　　BILLY JEAN, Haiti: My mother became pregnant very early, about 16 years old, and my father took off, and then my mother couldn't take care of me. She heard about NPH and she decided⁹ to put me there.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: His mother visits occasionally, he says, but the orphanage is very much his family.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: That's our goal, to restore the family over one generation, to raise the children together so they have memories of their own childhood, restored childhood, and that later in life they become aunts and uncles to each other's children and their family regenerates¹⁰ after a generation. That's our goal.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Early in the 1990s came a new challenge for Frechette, children with HIV/AIDS.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: We received some really bad occasions with almost nobody around to manage them and us with nothing but our goodwill¹¹ to manage them. And that really engraved¹² itself hard on my memory, seeing such terrible things, and honestly not having a clue.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: So Frechette decided to become a doctor. He got his medical degree when he was in his mid-40s. His newly acquired expertise¹³ combined with astute¹⁴ fund-raising resulted in a modern pediatric hospital in 2006, the country's largest.

　　A wing was added for women with high-risk pregnancies¹⁵ which often result in premature¹⁶ births.This way, such newborns are right near the 22-bed center for neonatology.Dr.Jacqueline Gautier is the medical director.

　　DR. JACQUELINE GAUTIER, Medical Director: We have central oxygen. We can offer CPAP, which is external ventilation.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: So on any given day, you have 22 kids in here who would not have lived were it not for this facility?

　　DR. JACQUELINE GAUTIER: Correct.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Then a new challenge, the devastating¹⁷ earthquake of 2010. The quake didn't damage this hospital, but quickly overwhelmed it.

　　DR. JACQUELINE GAUTIER: The yard was transformed into a trauma¹⁸ center. We had patients everywhere.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Donations poured in, $9 million in all after the quake, and were used to start a newadult hospital. But 10 months later came a new crisis, cholera¹⁹, which killed nearly 5,000 people in its first year and continues to flare²⁰ up, most recently as a result of Hurricane Sandy.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: So we kind of mushroomed out in response to all of these problems. I think the surprise to everybody, including to us, is that we could do it all pretty much without batting an eyelash.And the real wonder of it, to tell you the truth, this is a country of no infrastructures²¹ practically, andit's a country of failed NGOs.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: He says three years after the quake, despite billions of dollars given to thousands of NGOs, non-government organizations, the rebuilding has been painfully slow.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: There's too much disjointedness. It's goodwill, and it should be recognized fully²² as that and appreciated, but it doesn't get channeled in a way that makes sense, and in fact it's a waythat gets disruptive.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Many smaller NGOs have come and gone as their funding allowed. Bureaucracy has slowed larger agencies and their major projects in housing, clean water and sanitation²³. Some 360,000 earthquake victims remain displaced in tent camps.

　　So, the suffering continues and the toll²⁴ presents itself starkly²⁵ and literally²⁶. Each morning in the chapelof St. Damien's Children's Hospital, the shrouded²⁸ bodies of those who have died, several infants and one adult on this day, are counted, the names written down for prayers that follow at daily mass.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: Anybody that dies in our arms, as they say in Creole, in our place, then their body is first brought to the chapel²⁷ so that the very next mass, we have the prayers for the dead and for their peace and for the transformation²⁹ of their life to eternity³⁰ and for the strength and courage of their family.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Beyond prayer, Frechette says it's important to strengthen families and communitiesin development work. Unlike many NGOs, project manager Raphael Louigene says this one tries to involve thecommunity.

　　RAPHAEL LOUIGENE, Project Manager (through translator): Organizations come in with their own ideasand do things their own way. The way that Father Rick works is we don't come into a community and give ouridea of what to do and how to do it. We listen to the community, listen to their needs because they know them the best, and then we work together to accomplish it.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: In the sprawling³¹ Port-au-Prince slum called Cite Soleil, Louigene says the group is partnering with the community to build homes amid a sea of shacks³² and squalor. They're built on the principle that if you wait to do things right, nothing will get done for years, only prolonging the suffering.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: We're investing in the purchase of time. You know, they're simple block structures, we make most of the blocks ourselves. They're simple aluminum³³ roofs. It's more towards normal than anything that they have known, but we're just buying time while the people with big money and big plans, an interwoven network of organizations can do a proper urban development. That's what we're doing.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: They're also building a new health care facility here. All told, about 1,800 Haitians work for the mission begun by Frechette. Hundreds of thousands have been served in orphanages³⁴, schools and hospitals.Funding comes from individuals, foundations and government grants. This year, Frechette was awarded the $1million Opus Prize, given to a faith-based social entrepreneur by the Minnesota-based Opus Foundation. Frechette doesn't see his work for the Haitians he serves as charity.

　　REV. RICHARD FRECHETTE: We give them the chance that we all have had, and rather than saying, I gave you this chance, I say, I was fortunate I had that chance. It came to me. I didn't make it. And we want thatsame chance to come to you.

　　FRED DE SAM LAZARO: But, in Haiti, he admits, progress is slow and success built one small stretch at a time.

　　GWEN IFILL: Fred's reporting is a partnership³⁵ with the Under-Told Stories Project at Saint Mary's University in Minnesota.

1 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

2 catastrophe   

n.大灾难，大祸

参考例句：

• I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。
• This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

3 impoverished   

adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化

参考例句：

• the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
• They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 rev   

v.发动机旋转，加快速度

参考例句：

• It's his job to rev up the audience before the show starts.他要负责在表演开始前鼓动观众的热情。
• Don't rev the engine so hard.别让发动机转得太快。

5 orphan   

n.孤儿；adj.无父母的

参考例句：

• He brought up the orphan and passed onto him his knowledge of medicine.他把一个孤儿养大，并且把自己的医术传给了他。
• The orphan had been reared in a convent by some good sisters.这个孤儿在一所修道院里被几个好心的修女带大。

6 orphanage   

n.孤儿院

参考例句：

• They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。
• They gave the proceeds of the sale to the orphanage.他们把销售的收入给了这家孤儿院。

7 overflow   

v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出

参考例句：

• The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor.浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
• After a long period of rain,the river may overflow its banks.长时间的下雨天后，河水可能溢出岸来。

8 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 regenerates   

n.新生，再生( regenerate的名词复数 )v.新生，再生( regenerate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This activity regenerates some of the ATP lost in proton reduction. 这一反应可以使在质子还原过程中丢失的某些ATP再生。 来自辞典例句
• Level 2-Heals all allied Heroes for 300 HP. Fully Regenerates converted creeps. 二级-治疗地图上所有的友方英雄300点的生命，完全恢复皈依你的单位。 来自互联网

11 goodwill   

n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉

参考例句：

• His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
• We paid ￡10,000 for the shop,and ￡2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。

12 engraved   

v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中）

参考例句：

• The silver cup was engraved with his name. 银杯上刻有他的名字。
• It was prettily engraved with flowers on the back. 此件雕刻精美，背面有花饰图案。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

14 astute   

adj.机敏的，精明的

参考例句：

• A good leader must be an astute judge of ability.一个优秀的领导人必须善于识别人的能力。
• The criminal was very astute and well matched the detective in intelligence.这个罪犯非常狡猾，足以对付侦探的机智。

15 pregnancies   

怀孕，妊娠( pregnancy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象，战时人口正该补充。
• She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次。

16 premature   

adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的

参考例句：

• It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
• The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

17 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

18 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

19 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

20 flare   

v.闪耀，闪烁；n.潮红；突发

参考例句：

• The match gave a flare.火柴发出闪光。
• You need not flare up merely because I mentioned your work.你大可不必因为我提到你的工作就动怒。

21 infrastructures   

n.基础设施( infrastructure的名词复数 )；基础结构；行政机构；秘密机构

参考例句：

• Public transportation termini and depots are important infrastructures for a city. 公交场站设施是城市重要的基础设施。 来自互联网
• The increasingly fast urbanization process requires more and more infrastructures. 我国城市化进程不断加快，对城市基础设施的需求也越来越大。 来自互联网

22 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

23 sanitation   

n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备

参考例句：

• The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看，这个地段非常糟糕。
• Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。

24 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

25 starkly   

adj. 变硬了的,完全的 adv. 完全,实在,简直

参考例句：

• The city of Befast remains starkly divided between Catholics and Protestants. 贝尔法斯特市完全被处在天主教徒和新教徒的纷争之中。
• The black rocks stood out starkly against the sky. 那些黑色的岩石在天空衬托下十分显眼。

26 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

27 chapel   

n.小教堂，殡仪馆

参考例句：

• The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
• She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。

28 shrouded   

v.隐瞒( shroud的过去式和过去分词 )；保密

参考例句：

• The hills were shrouded in mist . 这些小山被笼罩在薄雾之中。
• The towers were shrouded in mist. 城楼被蒙上薄雾。 来自《简明英汉词典》

29 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

30 eternity   

n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷

参考例句：

• The dull play seemed to last an eternity.这场乏味的剧似乎演个没完没了。
• Finally,Ying Tai and Shan Bo could be together for all of eternity.英台和山伯终能双宿双飞，永世相随。

31 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

32 shacks   

n.窝棚，简陋的小屋( shack的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They live in shacks which they made out of wood. 他们住在用木头搭成的简陋的小屋里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Most people in Port au-Prince live in tin shacks. 太子港的大多数居民居住在铁皮棚里。 来自互联网

33 aluminum   

n.(aluminium)铝

参考例句：

• The aluminum sheets cannot be too much thicker than 0.04 inches.铝板厚度不能超过0.04英寸。
• During the launch phase,it would ride in a protective aluminum shell.在发射阶段，它盛在一只保护的铝壳里。

34 orphanages   

孤儿院( orphanage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It is Rotarians running orphanages for children who have no homes. 扶轮社员们为没有家的孩子办孤儿院。
• Through the years, she built churches, hospitals and orphanages. 许多年来，她盖了一间间的教堂、医院、育幼院。

35 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。